Essay on A Daily Dose of Tea for Good Health - 545 Words

Drinking a cup of tea offers countless benefits for your health. Aside from its soothing aroma that calms the nerves and relaxes the mind, drinking tea protects your body from free radicals that cause aging, as well as treats many ailments like cold, diabetes and indigestion. With the numerous benefits of tea, it’s never too late to start brewing a bag of this good stuff. Yes, now is really a good time to embrace a tea-drinking habit. Whether it be white, yellow, black or green—you can get a load of benefits from drinking any type of tea. The Origin of Tea The history of tea, like the history wine, offers an insight into the culture of the world. Teas are produced from Camellia sinensis, a plant native to the regions of South and†¦show more content†¦However, for caffeine sensitive people, consuming black tea should be moderate to avoid negative effects on the body. Green Tea Drinking green tea on a daily basis not only improves cholesterol level, but it also combats eye problems and reduces the risk of stroke. Green tea contains three compounds: catechins, a potent antioxidant that protects the body from free radicals that cause aging and cellular damage; caffeine, a stimulant that relieves fatigue and increases alertness; and theanine, an amino acid that acts as a mild relaxant that releases the jittery effects of caffeine. Oolong Tea Oolong tea helps prevent dental cavities from forming since it contains significant levels of fluoride. This type of tea also helps people lose weight. A current test revealed that about 66 per cent of overweight individuals lost weight by drinking oolong tea every day for a period of six weeks. In line with this fact, oolong tea is starting to attract people who are looking for a healthy and natural way to drop a few pounds. White Tea Adding a cup of white tea to your daily diet promotes radiant and youthful skin. A recent study discovered that white teas inhibit the production of fine lines and wrinkles by strengthening elastin and collagen, the two proteins that form fibres that make up the connective tissue in the body. The white tea not only prevents heart disease, cancer and stroke, but it also stops the onset of diabetes. Drinking a cup ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Coffee And Caffeine728 Words   |  3 Pagesof coffee and 3.8 billion gallons of tea are consumed per day worldwide?† (Bytes, 2003/2017) Both of these beverages are drunk on daily biases for the same effect. That effect is caffeine. Caffeine is â€Å"a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.† Everyone in the world thrives off these drinks. They need coffee and tea to â€Å"get them through the day.† The reason so many people drink tea and coffee is that people do not getRead MoreThe Chemical Formula For Caffeine Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesCaffeine is used in various foods all around the world, reaching millions of people. The foods that contain caffeine include coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated beverages and energy drinks.2 Caffeine is a stimulant that’s used daily to keep people awake and active throughout their busy days. But does this use do more good than harm, or more harm than good? The molecular formula for caffeine is C8H10N4O2 and it is chemically classified in the xanthine group.1 It was first discovered and isolated by FriedrichRead MoreThe Cause And Effects Of Caffeine Drinks1078 Words   |  5 Pagescoffee and 3.8 billion gallons of tea are consumed per day worldwide?† (Bytes, 2003/2017) Both of these beverages are drunk on a daily biases for the same effect. That effect is caffeine. Caffeine is â€Å"a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.† Everyone in the world thrives off these drinks. They need coffee and tea to â€Å"get them through the day.† The reason so many people drink tea and coffee is that people do not getRead MoreNot For All The Tea1202 Words   |  5 Pagesall the tea in China is a popular phrase in the Victorian era. When Britain prevailed tea, the most of the tea was from China. Thus, if I give all the Chinese tea to you and you do not want it, this can tell how determined you are. American writer Sarah Rose wrote a book named â€Å"For All the Tea in China† describes a period of time in the mid-1800s how the British Empire stole tea from China. The main character Robert Fortune was hired by the East India Company to steal the secrets of tea horticultureRead MoreEffects of Caffeine1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe medical community as of late. Studies have shown that the effects of caffeine are undoubtedly beneficial to peoples health. However, other studies have shown that its effect can have a negative impact on health. So what is caffeine and where do you find it? According to Merriam-Websters dictionary, it is a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 found especially in coffee, tea, and kola nuts and used medicinally as a stimulant and diuretic, (Merriam-Webster). It can be found in foods such as chocolateRead MoreFresh Black Tea Age Delay Cream983 Words   |  4 PagesFRESH BLACK TEA AGE-DELAY CREAM REVIEW Beauty is the essential quality of the human being and especially for the females. So females are too much interested about their beauty, and are always busy to find out new and improved formulated cosmetics. Fresh Black Tea Age-delay cream is one of those cosmetics which is introduced from natural protection from decay. Now what is Fresh Black Tea Age-delay cream? Fresh Black Tea Age-delay cream is an anti-aging, moisturizing facial cream of advanced formulaRead MoreEffects of Caffeine on the Body869 Words   |  3 PagesCaffeine and the effects on the body The American Medical Association Council of Scientific, states that moderate tea or coffee drinking is not harmful to your health as long as you have other good health habits (NIH 1). Research shows that caffeine is a substance that is found in certain plants. It can also be manmade and added to foods. It’s a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic (substance that helps rid the body of fluids) (NIH 2). Functions of caffeine, it’s absorbed and passes quicklyRead MoreBenefits of Japanese Culture Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesHeighten Your Health with the Benefits of Green Tea Originally planted and grown solely in Asia, Camellia sinensis is now grown almost everywhere because of its popularity. This plant is used for producing oolong, white, black, and green tea. Its leaves and leaf buds are fermented to achieve various oxidation levels that result to different types of teas. Lesser fermentation keeps the high levels of antioxidants present in the drink. These antioxidants are the molecules that can safely counterRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Diabetes872 Words   |  4 Pagesenhance the effects of a good diet and exercise? There are supplements and herbs that can speed up your recovery from type 2 diabetes. My favorite is green tea, but not any green tea. Matcha tea is a super potent green tea and miraculously corrects blood sugar levels along with a whole foods diet and regular exercise. Matcha Tea for Type 2 Diabetes In addition to improving blood sugar, matcha tea will boost your metabolism and energy too. I recommend everyone drink it daily, not just diabetics. Read MoreHerbal and Alternative Remedies1196 Words   |  5 Pagesand interact with other medicines. Some people take supplements, like vitamin C in high doses, but this can damage the liver or kidneys. Many supplements have a recommended daily intake (RDI), or allowance (RDA). Do not go beyond this dose without talking to an experienced health professional. CAMs and mental health problems: Many CAMs have been used for mental health problems, but there is little good evidence to support their use. Some of these treatments may work, but most have not been

The Writings Of Augustine s Writings Essay - 1721 Words

In his famous Confessions, Augustine presents ideas of creativity through his resistance to other religions as well as his persuasive ideas, notions of community in terms of a group bound by religious beliefs, and conflict in the form of internal struggle with belief and sin, all of which find resonance in other religious texts such as the Qur’an, the Chronicle of St. Denis, and passages from the Tanakh. Augustine began writing Confessions in around 400 CE as a spiritual autobiography that walks us through his life from birth to his arrival at Christianity. His spiritual journey combined with his prayers shows an in depth understanding of a man and his progression to understanding Christianity. Augustine was raised by his Christian mother, Monica, and his Pagan father. He grew up hearing about God from Monica, yet as his age progressed he began to turn away from his mother’s teachings in search of â€Å"the Truth†. In his teenage years, Augustine converts to Manichaeism after being drawn in by their literal approach to the reading of the Bible. Before his conversion, Augustine had found the biblical text too simplistic and unworthy of comparison to Cicero. Astrology captures Augustine’s interest while he was still adhering to Manichaeism. Though a friend told Augustine that astrology was fake, Augustine still explores the idea of astrology and the meaning behind it. At the age of 29 he meets Faustus, a Manichean bishop, who he hopes can resolve some of the doubts he is having.Show MoreRelatedKolbergs Stages of Moral Development1588 Words   |  7 PagesRESPONSIBILITY Augustine s understanding of the relationship between the sovereignty of God and human responsibility is more biblical than Cassian s view. Augustine s school of theology totally relies on God as the grace giver, however Cassian s school relies on man s merit before receiving grace. This debate has been going on since the early church and still affects the church today. Many people have different opinions and interpretations of how the Bible deals with predestination and man s freeRead MoreWhat Challenges Face Descriptions Of God1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhat challenges face descriptions of God, according to Augustine in Confessions and De Trinitate? Augustine of Hippo is writing at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. The two primary texts which we will consider in this essay are both classic expositions of Augustinian theology and philosophy, however the style of writing found in each is rather different. Confessions addresses God directly in the second person, while De Trinitate appeals more to the reader. These are both written by the bishopRead MoreSaint Augustine s Life Of Augustine1679 Words   |  7 PagesSaint Augustine The Life of Augustine Augustine was born in North Africa in AD 354 in the city of Thagaste. His father, Patricius, was a pagan and his mother, Monica, a devoted Catholic who relentlessly prayed for her son s salvation. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote Confessions between AD 397 and AD 398. He is regarded as a great theologian, philosopher, and one of most prolific Latin author s of many works. Augustine was schooled at Tagaste and Madaura and later at Carthage where he became interestedRead MoreThe Confession By Augustine Of Hippo1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthis question in chapters eight, nine, and ten of his biography, The Confession, was Augustine of Hippo. Throughout this biography, he goes through the struggles, successes, and ultimately the way that God reached out to him throughout his own conversion to Christianity. Augustine explains that God reaches out to humans by the examples of others and changes in their own personal lives. Augustine begins this writing by explaining the struggles of life without God and how these struggles are so apparentRead MoreEssay on Augustine And Conversion581 Words   |  3 Pages Augustine and Conversion nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Conversion can best be defined as surrendering a particular way of life in order to accept another. The very nature of this process indicates the presence of sacrifice. The convert acts almost entirely on faith, giving up the life that seemed right, a life in which they were comfortable, relying only on the assumption that letting Jesus into their hearts will give their life more meaning and direction then what they had known before. AugustineRead MoreTFF: True Friends Forever: Childhood Friend vs. Nebridius Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthinking, many philosophers, including Augustine, grapple with the concept and fulfillment of true friendship. Augustine writes of the meaning of true friendship in The Confessions, while also writing of his friendships throughout his life, using his own guidelines of what true friendship entails a revolution of his friendships can be seen alongside his transformation toward God that The Confessions is well known to showc ase. In The Confessions, Augustine defines what true friendship is with theRead MoreMorality And Where Is All Common Ground On Where Augustine s Views On Natural Desires And Free Will1153 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of the concept of morality in Augustine reveals questions facing humankind: what is morality and where is it based. This is the common theme throughout Augustine’s writings, he seem to struggle with making the right choices. His natural desires tend to take over whenever he comes to tough decision. Throughout this paper we will be analyzing this theme, to see if we can come to some common ground on where Augustine stood and what he had to say on the issue. First let’s analyze Augustine’sRead MorePeri Archon: An Analysis1128 Words   |  4 Pagesfaith, and represents a mid-point in the shaping of Origens exegetical practice, (Clements 4-5). Book IV of the Peri Archon represents the culmination of Origens hermeneutical and exegetical argument. Origen was living in Caesaria at the time of writing the Peri Archon, and was at the time heavily influenced by frequent contact with rabbinical scholarship. In the Peri Archon, Origen argues for the unity of scripture, (Clements 6). Origen and his contemporaries were concerned about judicious interpretationsRead MoreA Critical Engagement Essay : Good Kid M.a.a.d City1075 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor’s intended message. St. Augustine begins his narrative, remembering his adolescence. Augustine remembers in his prayer to God that when he was younger all he cared for was â€Å"simply to love and to be loved†. He found it difficult in his adolescence to loosen the grip sex and lust had on him. Later in Augustine’s prayer he speaks about his dealing with his friends. Augustine explains that he constantly felt pressured by his buddies to do something wrong. Deep down Augustine knew he shouldn’t have stolenRead MoreThe Doctrine Of God Is Love1139 Words   |  5 PagesSalvation in the Christian belief and how 1 John 4:8 applies to the process of the attainment of Salvation. One of the most thought-provoking theologians to interpret this scripture was Saint Augustine. The apostle John twice stated that God is love in the first letter, once in 4:8 and again in 16. Augustine said in Homily 7 on the First Epistle of John â€Å"Because love is of God.† Much has he commended love, i n that he has said, â€Å"Is of God:† but he is going to say more; let us eagerly hear. At present

The Rhetorical Strategies of the Scarlett Letter Free Essays

Grayce Byrnes Mr. Smith AP English 11-Period A 24 September 2012 The Passion of Pearl In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts the hardships of a young girl named Hester forced to live with the letter A pinned to her chest in penitence for her sins in a strict Puritan town in the 1800s. The illegitimate daughter of Hester carries the same traits and qualities as Hester, making Pearl a double of Hester. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rhetorical Strategies of the Scarlett Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hawthorne defines Pearl with his use of abstract diction, whimsical tone, and his selection of detail. Pearl’s character functions primarily as a symbolic character that stands for her mother and the scarlet letter. Pearl becomes the Scarlet Letter brought to life. She is dressed in elaborate, scarlet garb as if to be a real-life scarlet letter. The narrator explains her as â€Å"the scarlet letter in another form: the scarlet letter endowed with life! †(Hawthorne 57). When Hester tries to discard the letter, she gets in a panic mode, as if Hester is actually discarding her. The author never really states the purpose of Pearl being the scarlet letter, but instead uses abstract ideas and prodigious vocabulary. Many people in the Puritan community believe that since Hester would not reveal the child’s father, that he must be the devil himself. Pearl has an uncanny perception of what goes on around her and constantly is seeking for the truth. The connection of Pearl to the letter and her constant obsession with finding truth leads us to believe that the letter means truth. Her excessively perceptive knowledge is almost supernatural. Hawthorne’s tone is one of a whimsical, mischievous, and capricious descriptions. Pearl’s main purpose seems to be to uncover the truth for the main characters. Once she completes her goal, â€Å"A spell was broken. The great scene of grief, in which the wild infant bore a party, had developed all her sympathies; and as her tears fell upon her father’s cheek, they were the pledge that she would grow up amid human joy and sorrow, nor forever do battle with the world, but be a woman in it. Towards her mother, too, Pearl’s errand as a messenger of anguish was all fulfilled†(233). Her capricious emotions and the fickle opinions of the author make it hard for the reader to decipher if the child is the evil embodiment of Hester’s sin or just the naivety and curiosity of a child. Overall, there are some striking similarities between Hester and Pearl. Even during Hester’s pregnancy, she could feel Pearl’s â€Å"wild, desperate, defiant mood, the flightiness of her temper, and even some of the very cloud-shapes of gloom and despondency that had brooded in her heart† (50). These emotions correlate with Hester. Her wild, desperate and defiant mood is emulated through her betrayal of the puritans through her sin. Her temper, gloom, and despondency is felt from Hester because of her forced isolation from the rest of the town and marked as an outcast. Pearl is described as beautiful, imaginative, graceful, and impulsive. These traits are also seen in Hester. Pearl is a character of mystery and has an almost supernatural essence to her. The author talks about her like she is more than human although we never know if she heaven-sent or from the devil because the author plays both sides of the argument. Pearl is a symbol of the passion that is within every human heart, and as the story ends with her finding great success in Europe, she shows us that society should never define you. I Pledge My Honor That I Have not Received Aid on this Paper _____________________________________________ How to cite The Rhetorical Strategies of the Scarlett Letter, Essay examples

Essay on Environmental Ethics Essay Example For Students

Essay on Environmental Ethics Essay Ethics is the study of what is right and wrong in human conduct. Environmental ethics studies the effects of human’s moral relationships on the environment and everything within it (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The ethical principles that govern those relations determine human duties, obligations, and responsibilities with regard to the Earth’s natural environment and all of the animals and plants that inhabit it (Taylor, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to reveal environmental issues that are threatening the existence of life on Earth, and discus our social obligations to refrain from further damaging our environment, health and life for future generations. I will discus the need for appropriate actions and the ethical †¦show more content†¦ These perspectives are anthropocentric or human centered and view all non-human life as less important than humans themselves. Environmental ethics challenges these beliefs by questioning the assumed moral superiority of human beings to members of other species on earth (SEP, 2008). Preservation of the environment is essential to the preservation of the human race. Global Warming is the number one concern threatening the very existence of humans and everything within the environment today. The human race is to blame for the destruction of the natural world. The environmental issues that are threatening all human and non-human life today, started in the industrial revolution and the discovery of oil The need to improve the quality of life resulted in the construction of factories to mass produce products for consumers. These factories were powered by fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. The combustion of these fossil fuels emitted great quantities of pollutants that remain in the Earths atmosphere to this day and is the number one cause of global warming. However, in ethics one cannot evaluate just one thing. In ethics, as in nature, everything is connected to everything else (Partridge, 1998). Deforestation for agricultural purposes and the expansion of human habitats is happening around the world. This .

The Civil Rights Era free essay sample

Martin Luther king Jr. was a black clergy man, activist, and humanitarian his great speeches helped guide people who didn’t have full equality to freedom in the United States. Martin would not have been able to give his famous speeches that helped lead the civil rights movement without the democratic left wing of the government (John F. Kennedy). There are a select few presidential administrations that deeply contributed to the civil rights era such as Abraham Lincoln, John f. Kennedy, and Richard Nixon. These three presidents and their administrations all had an impact on where America is today. The freedom that Abraham Lincoln bestowed upon African Americans by creating and enforcing the emancipation proclamation was what greased the wheels for equality for all. This also led to things such as John F. Kennedy declaring equal rights for all Americans as well as equal working opportunities for women and all ethnic groups which wouldn’t have been possible if Lincoln’s administration hadn’t made it illegal to own people for slavery. We will write a custom essay sample on The Civil Rights Era or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another historic moment made possible by this was the financial aid which was granted by President Johnson to give to low or even no income homes. The ghettos inside of the United States could finally get the money they need. The left wing of the government also made so much possible for the civil rights conflict. JFK was forced to choose to support either the fight for freedom (which Martin Luther King jr was also a part of) or those who oppressed every one being equal (such as Wade in the court case Roe v. Wade). John chose to support Americans and their freedoms regarding abortions and Jim crow laws. The left wing was backing civil rights groups such as NOW (National Organization for Women), AIM (American Indian Movement), NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), NFWU (National Farm Workers Union), Etc. The democratic ideals really led to a breakdown of certain barriers for all sorts of men and women allowing people to be free without fear. Fear of discrimination at work, or not being allowed to work because of your gender, or how you won’t be treated fairly when you leave your home because of your color were all abolished. The three best presidential administrations the first would be the Lincoln administration, for it had brought freedom to African Americans and other slaves. Then the next administration would have to be JFKs, which had brought the civil rights act of 1964 which ended Jim Crow laws and other injustices many people faced. The third important administration that also impacted the civil rights era was Nixon’s, which ended segregation issues. Even though in 2013 segregation is no longer an issue among ethnic groups immigration reform is. Many immigrants were being deported without any criminal convictions. There are still racial injustices among all types of people, but compared to the 1960s people are a lot more humane making America feel freer than any other place.

102 Frankenstein Analysis Professor Ramos Blog

102 Frankenstein Analysis Frankenstein Quick Write What has been your greatest achievement? Think about why you did it? We are not gonna share, I just want you to think about this, we will get back to it later. Frankenstein We watched the lecture on Frankenstein:  Frankenstein: Defining the Monster. Mary Shelley’s  Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus What does the title of the book mean? Frankenstein is the name of the Doctor that is telling us the story. What about the second part? What or who is Prometheus? What do you know about him? Victor Frankenstein: The Narrator, Doctor, creator Prometheus: ? What does modern Prometheus mean then? The Question The question I want to consider now is: What does it mean to be human? Arguably, literary texts in charting human actions and emotions and so on, reflect back at us what makes us who we are? What makes us tick? By looking at the monsters we create, we can learn what is means to be human and/or to be humane. I want to focus on a passage from Chapter 5. Let’s return now to the quick write. What was Dr. Frankenstein’s greatest achievement? Most would say it is the monster. Chapter 5 It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs. How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing my bed-chamber, unable to compose my mind to sleep. At length lassitude succeeded to the tumult I had before endured, and I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, endeavouring to seek a few moments of forgetfulness. But it was in vain; I slept, indeed, but I was disturbed by the wildest dreams. I thought I saw Elizabeth, in the bloom of health, walking in the streets of Ingolstadt. Delighted and surprised, I embraced her, but as I imprinted the first kiss on h er lips, they became livid with the hue of death; her features appeared to change, and I thought that I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms; a shroud enveloped her form, and I saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. I started from my sleep with horror; a cold dew covered my forehead, my teeth chattered, and every limb became convulsed; when, by the dim and yellow light of the moon, as it forced its way through the window shutters, I beheld the wretch- the miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs. I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited, where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greate st agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life. Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then, but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived. I passed the night wretchedly. Sometimes my pulse beat so quickly and hardly that I felt the palpitation of every artery; at others, I nearly sank to the ground through languor and extreme weakness. Mingled with this horror, I felt the bitterness of disappointment; dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me; and the change was so rapid, the overthrow so complete! Let’s return now to the quick write. What was Dr. Frankenstein’s greatest achievement? Most would say it is the monster. The Creation Scene Dr. Frankenstein is trying to do a great thing: he wants to save human lives. Why then is his greatest achievement, life, an abomination, a creature, a monster? Why does he turn his back on the monster? What theory from Cohen would help us understand why the creation is a monster? Who then is the monster? If you had a baby that was born with a physical or mental handicap, would you turn your back? Would you be horrified? Monster Theory and Frankenstein In small groups, look at the seven theories to see which apply to Frankenstein and his Monster.

Research in accounting and fiannce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research in accounting and fiannce - Essay Example There is no massive fluctuation in the share prices, but in the year 2009 it was least among the five years which shows little financial decline in the company’s performance. In the year 2012 the stock prices were highest among the five years which showed an increase in the financial performance of the company. There are many internal and external factors that affect the performance of an organization in both positive and negative way. The external forces that may affect the financial performance of Sainsbury are: Political force: The political forces residing in Europe and which may have an effect on the performance of Sainsbury are Euro Zone, European Union, rapidly globalizing businesses and many taxation rules policies. Economic factor: These factors can be rapidly changing interest rates, exchange rates, GDP of a country and Per capita Income, inflation, Job market and unemployment rate and company’s market share which may affect a company’s performance. Technological forces: Technological forces have great influences on the performance of any organization. This includes invention of new and modern products, innovation in products and improvements, etc. When the financial crisis of 2009-2010 hit the industry, it had no such disastrous influence on the financial condition of Sainsbury. In a report by Mr. Justin King it is said that the when the crisis hit the industry people changed their spending pattern but the sales of Sainsbury when revealed, it was observed that it was more than the forecasted sales (Hall, 2010). When the euro zone sovereign debt crisis hit London the share price of Sainsbury decreased along with many other companies. As reported on 21 may 2012, the stock price of many companies emerged from the crisis but Sainsbury and Tesco were still among the weakest performers (London midday: Stocks rise but Eurozone still in focus, 2012). There are many resources and abilities within an organizations,

Whats wrong with school lunches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whats wrong with school lunches - Essay Example The situation has gone so bad that children born in the year 2000 are now likely to have diabetes in their lifetime. It would be one out of every three Caucasians,  one out of every two African-Americans and Hispanics. And unless we change the way we feed our children, this will just get worst. Anne Cooper’s talk is very much related to the documentary of James Brewer â€Å"Food Inc†. They have the same format of being shown in video and almost have the same argument except that Food Inc. included everybody in the equation and not just children. It talked about the shift in America’s eating habit and the way it is produced by big business is more disturbing that we think. The food that is now presented to us by big business is not produced the way that they are presented to us and borrowing from Kenner’s words â€Å"US does not jibe with the pastoral imagery often depicted on the packaging, but rather involves giant firms operating huge factories with brutal conditions† (Brewer, 2010). These brutal conditions meant that food are no longer grown the way they were but became industrialize that it can be likened to a factory. It was detailed in the Food Inc. documentary that chickens never saw daylight in their lifetime where cows are fed with corn and antibiotics standing all day in a cake of manure. The advent of this unhealthy food can be traced back to the idea of selling foods that are cheap, convenient and tasty to respond to the customer’s preference of a delicious and cheap food albeit unhealthy. This materialized when McDonald brothers had a very successful drive-in restaurant and decided to cut cost and simplify. They fired all their carshops and got rid of the things on the menu and mechanized the entire food preparation. This basically brought the factory in the restaurant kitchen and

Three Approaches To Management in Criminal Justice Essay

Three Approaches To Management in Criminal Justice - Essay Example In his Principles of Scientific Management, Frederick W. Taylor stated that all work organization responsibilities should be assigned to managers but not workers; scientific methods should be used in order to determine job performance, and the person best suited to perform each task should be selected to carry out such a task. Further, the principle states that workers should be trained to perform each task correctly; work performance should be monitored to make sure that specified procedures for a task are being followed correctly and the desired outcome achieved. Finally, work assignments should be planned, and work interruptions eliminated (Sapru, 2008). Lillian Gilbreth and Frank invented the motion study, which is an approach that reduces jobs to their basic movements. Henry Gantt developed a bonus and task wage plan where workers could be paid a bonus whenever they completed their job within the given time. The Hawthorne Studies used scientific techniques to study the behavior of human beings at work. More experiments saw researchers come into a conclusion that social factors explained the outcomes observed in all the Hawthorne studies. Douglas McGregor’s Theory X assumes that an average number of human beings dislike work and always avoid it whenever possible. As a result of this dislike of work, majority of persons must be controlled, coerced, directed, or even threatened with punishment prior to putting effort towards achievement of organization’s objectives. An average number of human beings like avoiding responsibility, prefer being directed, has little ambition, and above all, want security. Managers’ responsibility is to organize money, equipment, materials, and people. In addition, manager’s function is to direct workers’ efforts, motivate them, modify their behavior, and control their actions. Without such managers’ intervention, indiv iduals would be resistant to or passive about organizational needs. For the sake of the

Karen Newman Othello Criticism

Karen Newman Othello Criticism In her 1987 article And wash the Ethiop white: femininity and the monstrous in Othello,1 Karen Newman sets out re-examine prior critical analysis of Shakespeares Othello with the goal to re-read Shakespeare in ways which [] contest the hegemonic forces, [his] plays at the same time affirm (158). Her argument scrutinizes the the male-dominated Venetian world (152) of the play and the criticism that it has generated against correlating historical perspectives. Her main thesis about the play asserts that the union of Desdemona and Othello represents a sympathetic identification between femininity and the monstrous which offers a potentially subversive recognition of sexual and racial difference. Employing a feminist approach Newman reveals the racial and gender prejudices inherent both in the play and the critique levelled at it from 1600 through to 1980. In seeking new ways of reading Othello Newman draws on Derridas poststructuralist ideas to establish parallels between the relationsh ip of gender and race. She contends that Desdemona and Othello are equally marginalized by Venetian society; Othellos race and Desdemonas progressive sexuality presenting equivalent risk to the dominant white male society. In verifying how these attitudes pervade the play itself, Newman points out that fear of miscegenation functions on two levels. Firstly Shakespeare uses the white mans fear of the union of black man and white women (144) to generate the plot, and secondly through the binary opposition of black and white characteristic of the plays discourse. To substantiate she quotes from the play: Black ram tups white ewe and O, the more angel she, And you the blacker devil. The last line illustrates what Newman terms rhetorical miscegenation. Outlining the frequency with which black and white were used to denote polarization during the Renaissance, (145) she comments on how the emphasis in Othello of Desdemona as the idealisation of fair female beauty is usually read to emphasise the contrast between these two characters, and declares that contrary to early critics she views Desdemona not as a representative of opposition to blackness and monstrosity, as black is to white, but as identifying with it. Newmans assertion that the play is structured around a cultural aporia, miscegenation is the first cornerstone of her argument. Newmans next device is to establish a link between femininity and the racial attitudes inherent in the play. Again she refers to Ridleys criticism, claiming that his choice of example portrays a generalization of women as petty, thereby confirming his gender prejudice. Ridley has displaced the struggle of white against black man onto a cultural femininity. Newman is sympathetic to Stephen Greenblatts (1980) view that Othellos identity is reliant on his loss of his own origins, an embrace and perpetual reiteration of the norms of another culture, but criticises this focus as failing to recognise the other as black and female: Othello internalises alien cultural values, but his otherness remains apparent, dividing him from that culture and thereby linking him to the plays other marginality, femininity. Newman claims critical considerations with regard to the symbolic significance of the handkerchief reflect gender prejudices. Reigning critical preoccupations result in the significance of the handkerchief being limited to a sign of adultery. Contrasting this she terms the handkerchief a snowballing signifier, acquiring figurative and literal meaning as it passes from hand to hand. Newman contests psychoanalytical readings as problematic since they privilege a male scopic drama casting the women as a failed man once again negating her otherness and limiting female sexuality to fetish. (156) Identifying racial attitudes as inclusive of attitudes towards black sexuality, Newman references popular travel accounts of the time, outlining African as presented descriptively [] but also mythically (148) concluding: always we find a link between blackness and the monstrous, and particularly a monstrous sexuality. These attitudes Newman asserts assimilated into the drama of early modern England. (149) Newman observes the portrayal of Desdemona as voracious and devouring with a greedy ear; threatening to masculine perceptions of femininity. Her desire is presented in terms of an aural/oral libidinal causing Othello anxiety. Newman sees this anxiety as having a duel source the monstrous difference it invokes against his adopted culture, and that it allies her imagined sexual appetite with his own. Othello and Iago are linked in representing white male sexuality in the play. Simultaneously and paradoxically Othello also represents the threat to it. Newmans investigation of historic al criticisms surrounding femininity as represented by Desdemona, uncovers several ironies. Rymer and Cinthio in a cautionary moral link Desdemonas social disobedience to her sexual duplicity. Othellos punishment of Desdemona however simultaneously confirms the cultural prejudice which labels him a monster. In addition Iagos dramatic construction which leads Othello to see Desdemona as a whore, demonstrates how theatrical representation can provide false influence. Newmans undoubtedly subscribes to a feminist school of criticism, seeking to expose the nature of gender inequality and opposing the inherent male hegemony represented within the play. In addition, by her own account, her reading is also political in that it exposes the ideological discourses which organise the text. She comments that poststructuralist approaches highlight that even highly formalist readings are political, inscribed in the discourses both of the period in which the work was produced and of those in which it is consumed. Newman references Derridas work on racism and in addition to employing deconstructionist discourse his influence can be seen in Newmans design. Recognizing the binary opposition denoted by the polarization of Othellos blackness and Desdemonas whiteness, Newman develops this to assimilate the implied opposition of monstrosity or miscegenation represented by Othello and femininity represented by Desdemona. Deconstructive discourse incorporates the notio n that difference exists both between signified and signifier, and at the same time that the signified defers meaning to the signifier. The role of the literary critic is seen as seeking a slippage in the text, thereby denoting duplicity and revealing how the internal linguistic and thematic rules are inexact. Newman finds this critical slippage in both Rymers Short view of Tragedy (1693) and again in Ridleys criticism 250yrs later, to be the lapse from blackness to femininity. (155) Newmans approach offers new and valuable insights through its address of past criticisms, detailing not only how they relate to the ideology of the time they represent, but also illustrating how criticism in itself can be read to demonstrate new ideas and ways of reading the play. Her analysis however, places its emphasis on the Desdemonas interracial relationship with Othello and how her disobedience to her father and her choice of black man threaten the prevalent white male hegemony. Newman does not address other characters marginalised through class distinctions and gender. One such relationship is that between aristocratic Cassio and the courtesan Bianca. The secret nature of their liaison is both essential to the plot but also preserves Cassios social standing. Cassio treats Bianca with little respect scorning her foolishness in loving him. Cassio, Iago and Brabantio all share a mutual sexist prejudice in a similar way to the racist disdain which shapes their worldview. Othello can be seen to be outside this racial bigotry but Newman does not address the question of whether he accepts the central stereotyped perception of women. Newmans outline of historical womens roles focuses solely on a westernized version of society and does not address the way in which women were historically regarded within non-westernized cultures. Hinging on the underpinning social apprehension with regard to miscegenation, Newmans argument takes it lead from Bennetts notion that the position a text holds within relation to the ideology at its origin is not necessary an indication of the position which it may subsequently come to hold in different historical and political contexts. Some critics however claim Newman is anachronistic, applying modern concepts of racism historically. Shakespearian audiences would have understood race in a totally different way to contemporary audiences. It would then follow that Newmans application of contemporary ideas with regard to other cultural constructs such as gender would be equally out of place. Acknowledging that Shakespeare was certainly subject to the racist, sexist, and colonialist discourses of his time, Newman declares that by making Othello a black man and through Desdemonas love for him, Shakespeare stands in a contestory relation to the hegemonic ideologies of race and gender i n early modern England. Newmans argument is detailed and engages the play against historical points of view, addressing feminist issues and at the same time employing poststructuralist thinking to achieve her goal of establishing a link between femininity and race. Newman sees such strategies of reading as a social responsible in that they illuminate artificial enactment of works which may falsely represent those marginalised groups standing outside culture and simultaneously within it. This representation she sees as being obscured by the immediacy of dramatic performance. Her analysis of Othello is a demonstration of how seamlessly racial attitudes in early English drama where transmitted to viewpoints surrounding gender and sexuality, illustrating how mutually constitutive race, gender, and sexuality can be.

The Medias Impact on the Scopes Monkey Trial :: American America History

The Media's Impact on the Scopes Monkey Trial      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 1920’s were a period of transition for America.   The culture of society was quickly adapting to many new ideas and beliefs.   Traditional schools of thought were gradually being replaced with new technology and knowledge.   The changes taking place were the source of much conflict, as many historical events of the twenties can illustrate. One such event is the Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial.   From our research we discovered that the trial pitted Modernists against Traditionalists, Fundamentalists against Evolutionists, and the Country against the City.   However, these conflicts would not have been brought to the attention of the American public if the media had not been so engrossed in the event. That idea helped in formulating our research question: Why did the media choose to get so involved in such a localized, small town affair?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to answer this question we decided to examine the aforementioned conflicts to try to understand why the media showed such strong interest in the trial.   We found that the media recognized this case as a perfect way to bring these conflicts to the forefront of the American mind.   By doing this, the ideas and beliefs of modernists could be showcased and possibly validated.   This was a way to indirectly force change and progress in America.   To demonstrate this point, the socio-cultural conflicts need to be investigated and related to the Scopes trial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before looking at these issues, some background is necessary.   The whole controversy originated when the Butler Law was passed in 1925 prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution theory in state funded schools (Scopes and Presley 52).   When the American Civil Liberties Union discovered the law, they put out a press release requesting the cooperation of a Tennessee teacher in a â€Å"friendly test case† of the law (DeCamp 8). Dayton resident George Rappleyea and some friends came up with the idea to have the case in Dayton and decided to ask John Scopes to be the teacher to test the law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scopes was a science teacher at Dayton High School.   However, he only taught Biology for two weeks as a substitute at the end of the school year.   When Rappleyea asked Scopes if he taught the theory of evolution, he said he didn’t really remember.   Nonetheless, Scopes accepted the offer(despite some initial opposition), and the Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial saga began.

Amy Tan’s “Two Kinds” Essay

In Amy Tan’s short story â€Å"Two Kinds† we see the strained relationship between a Chinese immigrant mother and a first-generation American daughter. Throughout the text, Jing-mei’s mother continually pushes her to become a prodigy. She is so obsessive of her daughter’s excellence, that she does not see the emotional damage she creates. Jing-mei reacts negatively to the pressure. She becomes indifferent, angry, excited and hopeful; her emotions fluctuate, because she is in a perpetual struggle between her identity and the identity her mother tries to create for her. No one wins this tug-of-war; it only ends in anger and disappointment. Jing-mei sets out to become the direct opposite of what her mother wants. It just goes to show that forcefulness doesn’t work in any situation. In the beginning of the story, Jing-mei tries to do everything right. She goes along with her mother’s nearly impossible tests, tries to become Shirley Temple’s double and generally maintains a good attitude about her mother’s constant prompting. â€Å"In all of my imaginings I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect,† she said. Jing-mei tried to convince herself that she could become what her mother wanted her to be. Despite the attempts made by Jing-mei, she always seems to fall short of her mother’s expectations. Her mother relentlessly pushes her, because she wants her daughter to be more successful than she is. She feels that in America, anything is possible if you try hard and practice. This is true for many things; however, becoming an overnight prodigy is not one of them. It doesn’t take Jing-mei long to realize that she will never fulfill her mother’s demands. She is hurt because she feels that her mother does not accept her for the person that she is. Her mother’s failed hopes and obvious disenchantments crush Jing-mei emotionally. Out of her pain, she purposely projects a personality that her mother disapproves of. Her temperament becomes antagonistic and argumentative, where it is was once considerate and peaceable. She intentionally says things like â€Å"I wish I’d never been born,† in efforts to hurt her mother, as she was wounded. Despite the volatile relationship, poor attitude and numerous disappointments, Jing-mei’s mother ploughs on, even more zealously. She is convinced that she can make the average girl into an extraordinary sensation. As the years pass by, the dreams of Jing-mei’s mother fade away. Jing-mei leads an average life, making average mistakes and basically being the average woman. Her mother finally gives up hope. She offers the piano to Jing-mei, in an effort that I believe, is to symbolize that she is letting go. It could be a peace offering, or it could just be that she finally succumbs to the realization that her daughter will always be just Jing-mei. The piano is almost like a trophy, it says â€Å"OK, you’ve won.† After Jing-mei wins she is comfortable enough to play the piano–the piece of furniture that tormented her. She is at peace playing â€Å"Pleading Child.† At a glance she notices that the other half of the song is â€Å"Perfectly Contented.† At the final stage in the story, that is exactly how she feels, perfectly contented.

Infernowear is a new company Essay Example

Infernowear is a new company Essay Example Infernowear is a new company Essay Infernowear is a new company Essay Essay Topic: Inferno Infernowear is a new company run by a self-employed creative designer aiming to producing clothing at reasonable prices aimed at young teenagers who are into the skateboard clothing fashion. As this company has just been set up all orders are phoned through and then written down on any spare paper lying around. At the moment the owner has too much freelance work coming through and is unable to spend the time properly designing and implementing an order system even though he is quite capable. This system will be used to record orders as they are phoned through and also to keep track of the different garments and number in stock. User requirements: Specifically the system should be able to carry out the following procedures. * Store the details of customers and their orders * Keep a list of all garments and garment logos * Record and update stock levels automatically after each order has been recorded * Ability to print out shipping labels for each order placed * Ability to expand the product range by adding new types of garment and garment logos to the system * Each logo and garment should have a simple product code that makes identification and inserting into the database easy and fast. * A search option should be included so that stock level and customer orders can be quickly displayed * A variety of data should be printed in reports including shipping labels and the order line. * As personnel details will be stored it is essential that the system is password protected so that it keeps this data safe and complies with the data protection act. Feasibility study: I will now carry out a feasibility study, as it is the first stage of the systems life cycle. After this I will then make a full detailed investigation into the current system and requirements of the new proposed system. The feasibility study will be based on the well know TELOS mnemonic for the five feasibility factors which are explored in depth below. This study covers all potential problem areas that could effectively stop the project from going ahead. It also covers the advantages that this new system would bring to the company after implementation. Technical feasibility: There is nothing too complicated with the proposed system so I am sure that there is no technical reason why this new system cant be built. There is also no problem why the system cant be built in Access so I am confident that I will not have a problem with the technical side of this new solution. Economic feasibility: As this new system is being built for my A level course I will not be charging the owner of Infernowear. As this is the case the benefits of having a well-made order system for free will defiantly out way the costs. Legal feasibility: Appropriate security measures shall be taken against unauthorised access to, or alteration, disclosure or destruction of, the data and against their accidental loss or destruction section 2(1)(d) of the Act This above act was taken from the data protection act; it states that security methods should be used to protect unauthorized access to personal details. As my system will be handling customer details including addresses and phone numbers it is essential that the system is password protected and secure. The data shall be accurate and, where necessary, kept up-to-date section 2(1)(b) of the Act This next snippet from the data protection act states that all data held should be accurate and when necessary be kept up to date. As the Infernowear system will be holding customer details its important that its accurate. To do this validation rules will be introduced to key fields making sure that only numbers can be entered into a telephone number field for example. The act also states that the data held should be kept up to date where necessary. The data will only be updated when a customer makes an order, the telephone operator will ask if the data is up to date and correct. If the company expands it would be necessary to include an operation that would delete customer details after a prolonged inactive period of time where no orders where made. Operational feasibility: This section looks at whether the right work practises and procedural infrastructure is in place to accommodate the new proposed electronic computer system. If not the implementation of this system would cause more problems than it would solve making the company less productive and probable lowing morel due to the newly arisen difficulties. After having a brief look at the current pen and paper work practises used by the owner I have decided that this new system could be implemented and would help to keep the whole operation tidy and all information in one place which is easily accessible and updateable. As the owner and user of this new system is already competent with Access there is no reason why there would be any difficulties with implementation. This section also looks at the probable social repercussions once the system has been installed. As the company consists of one, (a creative freelance designer) I can see no negative side effects of implementing this new proposed system. The only thing that will change is that all orders will be booked using the computer system instead of using pen and paper. This will drastically improve productivity and the speed at which orders are placed, it will also increase reliability, as there is no fileing system at present of order and customer details. Schedule feasibility: The schedule feasibility looks at setting out a time frame for the completion of the proposed system. The deadline given is for a fully functioning system ready for implementation by Easter 2003 including an in depth high quality write up. I see no reason why this system cannot be ready for implementation by the time set out above. This gives me plenty of time to produce a complex fully functioning system as well as a well documented write up. Analysis: Before I can continue I will conduct an initial investigation into the current procedures and work practises so that I can find out exactly what the new proposed data base system has to do. Interview with Company Director Mr B Hull: I conducted an interview with Mr Hull to discover in more detail what the current work practises are and what the new system has to do. I will use this interview method, as I will be able to extract large amounts of information from a single interview. I will not be using questioners because there is only one member of staff and I feel that interviews on the whole will be more productive. Current work practises: Orders: Orders are phoned through to Mr Hull on his own house number, these are then jotted down onto plain A4 paper. Each order consists of a garment type e.g. a hoodie or a T-shit and a logo like the orange Gecko or the flaming heart. After Mr Hull has several orders he contacts his printing suppliers. He places a master order consisting of all individual orders pays them up front and waits for the supplier to produce the order. After this the supplier ships the master order to Mr Hull who then distributes them to the individual customers. Payments: Payments are either made in cash or in cheque form. The cheques are either posted to Mr Hull or hand delivered by the customer, all cash payments are hand delivered. Mr Hull then adds the customers order to the master order and is sent to the supplier, this is explained in the above Order section. There is no record of payment once received except for a hand written note. This obviously needs addressing when designing the system, as strict records need to be kept about receiving payment. Delivery: Once Mr Hull has received the master delivery form the suppliers he then breaks it down into individual orders and manually writes out address labels to go with each order. These are then delivered via the standard postal service or collected by the customer. There is also no record of what has been shipped and to whom. This will also be taken into account when designing the system. Mr Hulls idealistic view of what the system should be able to do: Before I list what Mr Hull wants from the system there are a few new developments that need to be noted. As this system will not be ready much before Easter for implementation Mr Hull would like it to include aspects which arent needed at this point in time, but which will be needed come Easter. Mr Hull would like to have a stockroom in a couple of weeks within which are a quantity of pre-printed garments that are available to the customers. This means that Mr Hull wont have to wait to get a number of orders together to send to the printer. Instead he can do individual orders as they get telephoned through, this speeds up delivery times and keeps things moving. Orders: When customers place an order their details should be taken down including shipping address. Then it should be possible to attach an order or orders consisting of garments and the logos that should be printed on each one to each customer. By the time this system is implemented Mr Hull will have a storeroom of pre-printed garments, there for it is vita that stock levels are recorded and updated when orders are processed. Payment: Payment will take much the same form as before where by a customer is required to send a cheque or cash through the post or deliver it directly to Mr Hull. On the new system a simple yes/no check box will be used to verify that payment has been received. Mr Hull is also looking into making the company strictly a phone order company where the only way to pay for goods is with a credit card e.g. Visa or Switch. If Mr Hull can have a credit card payment system set up before the implementation date of Easter he would stop receiving cheques and cash which will speed up orders again as he does not have to wait for the money or cheques to come through the post. This will only mean that the new data base system will not need to print out invoices for each customer. Delivery: After an order has been inputted into the system an order line will have to be printed so that Mr Hull can compile each customers individual order from the available stock. After each order has been assemble customer-shipping labels will have to be printed by the system as this would save a lot of tedious hand written work. After this the orders will be delivered the same as before via the standard postal service. Before I break this interview down into simple objectives I will first find out what computer system and software Mr Hull has. Because he is also a freelance creative designer I presume that he will have a fairly reasonable spec computer with a good variety of software packages. Current Hardware and software: Mr Hull has a Windows based PC with the following specs: * Windows 98 * AMD 1.4 GHz * 512mb of ram * 60 gigabyte hard drive * Laser colour printer * Other media storage options including Zip drive, CD Rom drives and a CD re-writer. He also has a basic 1.44mb floppy drive. He has many software packages but the ones that need mentioning are: * Word 2000 * Access 2000 * Visual basic 6.0 As I have mentioned before Mr Hull is a competent Access user who does not have the available free time to produce a fully functioning system. His competency with Access means that the system can be quite sophisticated and I wont have to spend as much time making the system user friendly as he will be able to navigate Access with ease. Data flow diagram: The DFD below shows how the new computerised system will take orders and how the data will flow through out the system starting with the customer placing an order and ending with the orders being shipped to the customer. A customer makes and order over the phone, the operator checks the stock levels of the requested items. If the items are available then they are booked out and the operator checks to see whether the customers details are on file. If not they are manually entered and payment is then taken via a credit or debit card. Then the completed order updates the stock level and the order is added to the order line. The order line is then printed along with the shipping labels and this is where the computer system ends. After this the items are manually gathered from the stock and packaged. The shipping labels are then added to each delivery package, which are then posted to the customer. Objectives of the new system: Now that it is clear what the new computerised system has to do I will state the key features of the system below for easy reference and quick reading. * Enable customer details and customer orders to be recorded and easily edited this should also be done in a fast time, faster than a handwritten note * Produce a complete order line of all customer orders so that all required items could be taken from the stock room * Customer shipping labels will also be produced and added to each package * Security features will be introduced to comply with the data protection act like passwords and validity checks Design: Even though I am almost certainly going to use Access 2000 I first must look into other software solution and explain why they are not going to be used. Software choice: After using Excel, a spreadsheet program for other subject coursework assignments I have gained a good knowledge of its advantages and its limitations. It is very good for calculating and carrying mathematical operations on large amounts of data in a very quick time. Unfortunately it does not function as well as a simple data input device as customising sheets and performing validity checks are complicated and slow. This package is not designed for customised application layouts and therefore making the resulting system seem complicated and untidy. Because of the inability to customise individual sheets to a high degree I have decided that I will not use a spreadsheet program as the main backbone to my system. It is also possible to buy off the shelf solutions to this product order system. These packages are complex and contain everything needed to implement straight away. These packages have been written by highly skilled individuals and have been tested and updated using the well know evolutionary model by which improvements are made to solve pervious problem which have been discovered by the vast array of users. These improvements are released in the form of updates and patches. Because this type of package has a very high reliability and a wide tried and tested audience, it would make sense to seriously consider one of these packages in the future if the company expand greatly in the next few years. But as the company is just starting out it would cost a lot of money to purchase an advanced of the shelf system. This is not needed at this current time in the companys life cycle, because of this I will not be recommending spending vast amounts of money on this type of solution. The next type of system that could be used would be a custom made solution. This would most probably be created in Access due to its flexibility in relationship databases and the ability to customise forms and printouts based on queries run past selected data sources. Access 2000 is also currently installed on Mr Hulls system as well as my home computer and the school network. This makes building the system easy as it can be worked on at home in school and even in the final workplace. Because of the outweighed benefits of using a customised database system that can be purpose built to solve the clients needs I will be recommending using this type of solution. Final software solution: After a careful investigation into different software solutions I have decided that the new system will be built using Access 2000. This is because the software package is already available to Mr Hull and myself so no software purchasing is needed. Access also has many advantages over other technical solutions some of these are mentioned above in the software choice section. Database design: Entity-relationship diagram: With in my database solution I will have four entities each joined with the following relationships. Table design: I will have separate tables for each of the above entities being linked by the relationships shown on the previous page. Some of the tables will need input masks to make sure that the data which is inputted is correct, this will also help the system to meet the data protection act of keeping data accurate. Table names: Customers: The customers table will have the following fields: * Customer ID (this will be an auto number) * Contact first name (text form) * Contact last name (text form) * House number (numerical) * Street name (text form) * City (text form) * Postcode (text form) * Country (text form) * Phone number (numerical) * Email address (text form) * Notes (used for attaching notes to customer, could include any complaints) (text form) Clothing: This table will contain the following fields: * Clothing ID (text form) * Units in stock (numerical) * Product name (text form) * Product description (text form) * Unit price (currency) Logos: This table will contain the following fields: * Clothing ID (text form) * Units in stock (numerical) * Product name (text form) * Product description (text form) * Unit price (currency) Orderline: This table will pull together a customer ID number with a clothing ID and a logo ID, the fields are stated below: * Order ID * Customer ID * Clothing ID * Logo ID * Payment received Form design: My database will consist of four forms for data entry and five for navigation, product information and customer information. I will first give a description of the data entry forms with screen shots where necessary. Form name: Customers: This form will be where new customers can be added to the system and where existing customers details can be updated and amended. The input fields on this form will include; Customers names, address, postcode, phone number and email address. There will also be an auto customer ID number assigned to each new customer. Also I would like to insert a memo text box so that any special information about the customer can be logged here, this could include previous complaints and any payment problems. editClothing editLogos: These two forms will enable the user to add different types of garment and logos whenever new designs are produced. This will make updating the system easy and hassle free because you dont have to manually enter the new products into the complicated forms. FrmOrderline: This form will be where all orders are made; it will use a query called qryOrderline that combines the customer, clothing and logo tables. This data will then be displayed in a sub form within the qryOrderline form. After an order has been made it will then be added to the Orderline table. Report design: My system will include four reports, one for printing shipping labels, two for logos and garment labels these will be stuck to the deliveries as they come in from the printer so that each box of products are easily identifiable when looking in the stock room. The other report will be the master order line consisting of all the customer orders so that Mr Hull can take this into the store room and gather all items needed with out needing individual customer order sheets. Report names: LabelCustomer: This report will be based on the query qryOrderline showing each customer who has an order ; with there shipping address. LogoLables: This report will be based on the Logos table giving the user the ability to print out identification labels for labelling the stock. ClothingLables: This report will be based on the Clothing table giving the user the ability to print out labels for identifying the stock. OrderLine: This report will be produced from the query qryOrderline showing all orders with only the customers name and ID; this saves space, paper and ink. Query design: There are two very similar queries used in my database solution. One is used in the Orderline report to show all customer orders that have been paid for, to do this a simple = yes was needed in the criteria box of the payment received field. The other query is used in the form named FrmOrderline, it shows all the orders even if they have not been paid for, so when confirmation of payment comes through the payment received check box can be ticked. To do this the criteria for the payment received box was left empty to show all data. Screen shots of the two queries are also supplied in the appendix section at the end of this document. Macro design: Through out this system there will be many macros, most of these will be focusing on opening and closing forms. Three of these macros will be used to open the reports so what they can be printed. One other macro will be used to simple maximise each from when it is loaded. SQL statements: As I will have to update the stock level after each item has been booked out I will be using some short but complex SQL statements. To do this I will base my SQL code on the pseudo code that I have written below which will be run each time an item is booked out. The pseudo code below is for updating the clothing stock level but is easily modified to update the logos as well. Update table Clothing set field stock levels to = stock levels -1 where field clothing ID = selected clothing ID Menu design: I will be using a menu system for navigation around my database starting with a login screen this will then open up a main option menu. Below is the structure I hope to have in my final system. Performance indicators of the new system: * It should be easy and quick to add a customer to the system taking no longer than 20 seconds for a competent system user. * All orders should be completed with in 30 seconds otherwise the customer will be spending a long time on the phone and the system will not be efficient. * Any one customer should be able to have as many orders as he/she wants * The customer shipping labels should be printable on standard A4 label paper * Payment is made through another system but there must be an option that can be check to show which customers have given correct payment. * The stock level should be updated each time an item is booked out. Test strategy: Now that I have a functioning system it is vita that I thoroughly test each form, report, query, macro and any other code that I have to make sure that any problems are sorted before the system is installed onto Mr Hulls computer system. The parts of my database system that will be tested are: * Each and every form, report, query, macro and all other code as it is created. * Testing each button and rollover under different circumstances e.g. is it possible to close the order form is only half of the order is compete * Tests will be carried out to ensure that improper, invalid and extreme data cannot be entered * Combined module testing in which one aspect of the system is thoroughly tested like creating an order from start to finish or printing out customer shipping labels. * The last type of testing will be to see whether the system meets the end users (Mr Hulls) requirements. Test Plan: I will now carry out a variety of tests on as many menu options as possible without going hugely over my word limit. These test carried out below will check that all operations work properly every time with out fail, if there are any problems I will fix them, and state how, and redo the test to prove that it now works. I will first test the system starting at the login screen and work my way through the different forms and menus testing each as I go. Password test: When the correct password is typed in it should load the main menu form, the correct test password is inferno Test result successful, system does not login if wrong password is typed in. Roll over test (main menu): When the mouse is rolled over a link to another form the link colour changes to make the user aware to which link they are hovering over and to show that the link has go focus. The test will make sure that all link rollovers work. Test successful, as you can see the link with the focus has changed colour. Validity checks: I will now check that irrelevant data cannot be entered into the wrong text field. On my system there are way to many text fields to list each individual test result here. I will show an example of one of these tests below so you can see the result. The test below tests to see whether a letter can be entered into a numerical text box. From the above screen shot you can see that an error message pops up when a letter is wrongly entered into the house number field. The above shows an example of the customer table design, all other table screen shots can be found in the appendix. You may have noticed that the PhoneNumbers data type is text this is because when entering area codes like 0117 with a numerical data type the 0 is remove automatically. Obviously I need to be able to enter full area codes that begin with 0 so I have had to change the data type to text. These are the types of errors that rigours testing can find and iron out. The above screen shot shows the validation input mask used for the PhoneNumber input field. The mask only allows numbers to be entered, this fixes the text data type explained previously. The mask enables a user to type in a phone number with the option of adding area codes if needed and extra digits, the 9 represents optional number input and the 0 are compulsory number input. Other validation techniques and input masks for all other table can be found in the appendix. The above screen shot was taken from the order form. Unfortunately it is possible to change customer details here, this should only happen in the add edit delete customer form. To fix this all field were locked by choosing yes by the locked option in the text field options. Record deletion: When I decide to delete a record I need to make sure that a verification message pops up, this will make sure that any accidental deletions of any field type are very low. The below screen shot show the default Access verification pop up, this will do the job perfectly and needs no altering. Stock level adjustments: When orders are completed the stock levels need to be updated to take account of each booked out item. To do this a SQL statement was used and called from within some VB code. The code I eventually used was: DoCmd.RunSQL UPDATE [Logos] SET [UnitsInStock] = [UnitsInStock]-1 where [logo ID]=' ; LogoID ; The above code works with no problem even though it took a while to get the syntax correct. When you book out an item this code is run and a default Access verification box pops up double-checking that you want the order to go ahead. This is very useful, as I dont have to make my own verification dialogue boxes. Payment received testing: After an order has been placed and the payment has been taken a simple check box by each order line should be checked to show that the customer has paid. If the payment received box is not check the order will not appear on the final master order report. As you can see from the above screen shot only one order line of Simons whole order has been paid for, therefore on the master order line report Simon should only have one entry. After printing out the report it is plane to see that this test is yet another success, the report is in the appendix of the project for all to see. Report testing: The last piece of testing that I will write about is the testing of the reports. To test that these work I will just need to press print on the form (screen shot below) and see if the printouts meet the designated criteria set out in the previous sections. After examining the printed reports I can safely say that they work and all the necessary detail is in place. They could do with some tidying up but these are small problems which if I do not have time to fix I am sure that Mr Hull can change them at his discretion if he so wishes. System maintenance: Once the system has been installed it is vital that there is a structured system maintenance program in place so that any modification or problem fixes can be made. There are three types of system maintenance that are used almost all the time when new systems go live onto clients computers, these are then used throughout the softwares life cycle. A Technical manual will also be written in my spare time but will not be added to this report, as it does not count towards any of the marks. A technical manual will enable other individuals who are competent with Access to gain a quick understanding of how I put the system together and how to change key options. This manual would also include reports of know problems and their possible cause, this would help and system designer to quickly identify the problem and fix it with in a shot time period. Corrective maintenance: This type of maintenance will be used very frequently just after the software has been installed. Corrective maintenance deals with fixing major problems that were not found even though the system was thoroughly tested prior to the final implementation. After Mr Hull installs the system I would be more than willing to come back to his company and attempt to fix any problems that arise even though he is more than capable of fixing them himself. As this system is not built by a highly skilled professional I would expect many problems to arise within the first few weeks of operations. Fixing these problems could take a long time, as I have no one else working for me who could fix the system. The only thing I could do is try my hardest to fix each problem as it arises but keeping on top of all of them would prove hard. Perfective maintenance: This type of system maintenance is also ongoing there are many things with in the project which could be done just the little bit better. These minor updates and fixes can in some cases be very time consuming for the rewards that they reap. Before starting out to fix any problem no matter how small it is vital that the time and costs of fixing the problem dont outweigh the end result. One part of the system that I would like to change is the way orders are booked out. After each item has been booked out you have to click yes on the check pop up box, it would be much easier if all the items were booked out for one customer then a only one single check pop up box appears to make sure that you do want to book out the current selected items. Adaptive maintenance: Adaptive maintenance is concerned with adapting the current system as the needs of the company change. There are two major changes that could happen with Mr Hulls Infernowear Company that would result in the system being adapted. If the company expands it would be necessary to employ extra telephone staff to take orders. If this were to happen the system would have to adapt from a single user station to a multi user environment installed over different types of network. Mr Hull would also like to modify the system slightly in the future so that a similar system could be uploaded onto the Internet so that the customer does not need to phone up instead they can order any item over the Internet. User manual: This manual will give a brief overview of the system and how it works. It will include step-by-step guides for the most communally used tasks. As this software and user manual is purpose written for Mr Hull who is competent with Access I will not have to go into great detail on how to get to the design views on tables so large amounts of data can be entered quickly and other simple tasks. If you are updating from a manual pen and paper system you should hold the SHIFT key while the program loads. This will bypass the main login screen and will allow you to manual enter customer details from your old paper files into the blank customer table. Once you have entered in all the details follow the guide below. When first loading up the program you should be confronted with a password screen like the one below. Enter the password that you have been given when you brought this software and click the login button. You will now be logged onto the main option menu, follow any of the links to the separate forms. If at any time you want to return to the main menu or just shut down the form you are on just press the back out button, top left: If you want to create an order click on the create booking order button this will then bring you to a screen like the one below: To create an order first find a customer using the navigation provided. Then form the sub form choose a type of clothing and a logo via the dropdown combo box. Repeat this as many times as needed to keep adding orders to an individual customer. After each item has been book you will have to click ok to a confirmation pop up box. After payment is taken make sure that the payment received boxes are checked by the side of each order line. To add edit or delete customers and to add edit or delete clothing/logos simple choose the relevant option from the menu and follow the simple onscreen instructions. If you are going to add edit or delete clothing/logos make sure you know what you are doing as any changes cannot be undone. It would make sense to make a backup copy of the database just in case you lose important data. If you want to print any reports click on the print reports option from the main menu. You will now see a selection of reports that you can either preview or print straight way by clicking the appropriate button. The screen you should see is the one below: To exit the system back out to the main menu and press the log out button, this will bring you back to the password screen where the program can then be shut down via the X in the top right hand corner. Evaluation: I will evaluate the system I have made based on the performance criteria outlined earlier in the design section. The first criterion was to be able to enter a customers full details within 20 seconds. After trying and timing my self the best time I have been able to achieve is 18 seconds. This is just within the propose time limit but looking back on it 20 seconds is a very fast time to enter in over 10 lines of details. There is no problem with the system here but its down to the speed of the user. The second performance indicator was to be to make an order within 30 seconds. After timing myself again I have been consistently able to create an order with in 15 seconds, this is very quick and even surprise me. This shows that I have met this performance indicator very well and have succeeded here. The third indicator was for any customer to have more than one order line. This has not been a problem at all, I have made of 50 order lines for one customer and it still let me add more. This performance indicator has been easily met. The next option was to print customer-shipping labels on A4 label paper. I have not been able to test this part of the system, but the report is set up to print on standard A4 labels so I see no reason why it would not work, obviously the label paper would have to match what the system is set up to print. A payment-received option has been added thus only showing orders that have been paid for, on the main master order report. This is a complete success and works with out any glitches or problems. The last performance indicator stat that the stock level should be updateable after each item is booked out. This has eventually been done after a lot of research into SQL and after a lot of time spent getting the syntax just right. It is a small simple piece of code that has fulfilled this last performance criterion. Future enhancements: At this point in time there is no report for printing customer recites, this is quite important but is easily doable and will be completed after Mr Hull gets back from his holiday cruise. Each item could be given a stock location as well as an amount. This would then make sure that if the stock room were to grow the system would already be able to store the individual stock location of any one item. Last but not least it would be a nice idea to include some sort of mail merge so that whenever a letter has to be sent out to all customers it can be automated saving a lot of time manual work. Mr Hull is currently using this system to see whether its the sort of program that can do the tasks he specified earlier in this document. If this system proves to b built to a high standard he will use it until it needs updating or extra more complicated features are needed, at this point he may be forced to invest in an off the shelf package solution. Unfortunately Mr Hull is on holiday and I am unable to contact him and get any further feedback.

The non-diegetic sound Essays

The non-diegetic sound Essays The non-diegetic sound Paper The non-diegetic sound Paper Focus on how narrative and Genre features create meaning and generate response in a sequence from The Day The Earth Stood Still of no more than 15 minutes. This essay will discuss the history of science-fiction film, to establish common genre-conventions and finally apply genre and narrative conventions to The Day The Earth Stood Still. Genre and narrative come from expectations made by the audience and they offer comfort and reassurance because they help the audience to know what to expect and how to understand the film. Genre conventions take into account many aspects of a film including sound, actors, style, and form but mainly it deals with the films iconography i. e. the props, costumes, and settings. Narrative deals more with how and why the characters move the plot on, for example Propp said there are eight character types in every film, I will show this in more detail later. Fritz Langs Metropolis, made in 1926, can be seen to be one of the earliest science-fiction films that gained respect from audiences worldwide. It featured a mad scientist who created an evil robot in the form of a beautiful saintly girl. The science-fiction films of the 1950s, when The Day The Earth Stood Still was made, were generally low budget and therefore in black and white. Most of the scenes were shot at night because it is a cheap way of creating a spine-chilling effect. They generally had alien aircraft in them. The Invasion Of The Body Snatchers was directed by Don Siegel in 1956 and is a good example for all these common themes-as it was shot at night, under a low budget and in black and white. The Day The Earth Stood Still was made in 1951. The plot tells the story of an alien landing in Washington. The alien causes panic and the police try to capture him. However, the alien actually comes with a very important plea of peace-as he finally tells the nation, If you threaten to extend your violence, this earth of yours will be reduced to a burnt out cinder. Your choice is simple, join us and live in peace, or pursue your present course and face obliteration. The film was directed by Robert Wise and was his only science-fiction film. He mainly did musicals and is best known for directing The Sound of Music in 1965. The two stars of the film, Michael Rennie and Patricia Neal, were not very well known when this film was made. However, Michael Rennie had had minor parts in many movies including The Wicked Lady in 1945. This film was made in the heart of the cold war, a time when, in America particularly, anti-communist views were held strongly in the West. The McCarthy witch-hunts of communists in public life and the arts led to the blacklisting of many writers, actors and directors. There was such a fear of communism at this time that this films anti-war message could have been seen by some as being unpatriotic. It was thus a very brave film to make but, thankfully, Robert Wise wasnt black listed and went on to direct many more classic films. The film carries its message on today, when after September 11 it is hard for Americans to argue against a possible war against Iraq. The best art has always carried messages that can be read by all people at all times. The extract I have chosen to study out of The Day The Earth Stood Still is near the end of the film. It starts with Klaatu and Helen on the way to the spaceship where Klaatu is going to make his speech. Klaatu tells Helen that Gort has the power to destroy the earth if he isnt there to stop him, but Klaatu is then shot by the Army and presumed dead. However, thanks to Helen, Gort saves his life in time for Klaatu to make the speech. Like many 1950s science fiction movies this extract is set at night, to try to create a tense atmosphere. The non-diegetic sound is very mechanical, reinforcing the idea that this film is part of the science fiction genre. It also has a trembling effect and some very sharp staccato notes to create the tension felt in this extract. The music is only played when Gort is in shot emphasising his mechanical nature. The spaceship is made out of smooth shapes, and man-made materials, for example plastic and metal. This emphasises how much more advanced the aliens are than the humans as they are using materials we know very well to create something that we couldnt achieve at that time. The effects of the electric doors and the platform dissolving into itself add a futuristic effect to the spaceship. The figure of Gort is the main icon that shows this extract to be a science fiction film. His costume is silver, a colour that is connected to metal and therefore robots, and in place of his eyes is one bright light. Gort can be seen as similar to robots that appear in later films. For instance in West World, made twenty years later, the robots have the power to kill us quicker than we can kill them, and in Terminator the robots are gaining complete control over the world. This parallels the way in which in DESS the other planets have given complete control to Gort and his kind. Fear is an important aspect of any science-fiction film; and in this film Gort provides the main element of fear. Even Klaatu says he fears his power, Im afraid of what he might do if anything should happen to me Theres no limit to what he could do, he could destroy the earth.

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Presentation - Essay Example Since it’s an emerging market, Stiff competition due to increased number of facilities, Strict and rigid government policies which are not providing them with enough room and a shortage of competent and qualified staff since are the major challenges faced by the organization. The government has been changing its policies, rules and regulations pretty abruptly thus providing the staff and organization with no time to adapt and make things go haphazard. When it comes to the safety of their workers the organization has strict rules and takes serious precautionary measures. Major safety measures include an always ready emergency team and an isolation room for contagious outbreaks. It is the safety measures that keep the facility running and earn the trust of their clients. Time management is one of the most important tasks at a hospital and it is considered to be the duty of a hospital manager to: Prepare timetables, Maintain discipline, Make sure everything is done in order, Perform daily chores, and Keep the hospital managed. If one of the mentioned things goes out of order or the given time table is not followed by the employees, running a healthcare facility would get a lot more difficult for the healthcare executive. It is his duty to keep people at their positions and remind them of what their jobs are. Managers in the field of health and medicine are known as healthcare executives/Hospital managers. These personnel are specially trained to manage either a specialized unit of a hospital or the whole facility. Healthcare executives are also trained to keep them aware of the regularly changing health laws and new regulations. These officials must have some medical knowledge to understand the procedure being undertaken in their facilities and their possible consequence in order to manage any worst outcome. Healthcare executives have a decent pay-scale when compared to the other executive jobs.

Lean improvement techniques Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Lean improvement techniques - Case Study Example A business today uses the measuring stick of profitability. There needs to be a shift to the thinking of total utility for the social community in order to weigh business decisions. Opponents would argue that this is a long-term plan that requires too many radical changes in the face of business. Also, there is no way that an industry wide standard can be set since there are too many types of corporations. Plus, companies have different needs and every moral rule is subjective according to the type of business that everyone conducts. Although there are no industry standards that are feasible, it is possible for every company to examine their practices as well as the attitude of their employees. There will be companies that find that they are doing fine with employees that are aware of their moral values. Yet other companies will find that they do have areas that need improvement. It is steps like these that start implementing changes. Once a few companies start to see the benefits of changes, it can help to encourage other companies to follow suit. After all, mistakes in one department can cause the deterioration of an entire corporation. When the costs that are possible are taken into account, the changes required to rectify this are small in comparison. Purpose, People, Planet, Probity (or Purity or Principles): 4 P model This 4 P model is not a process or technique - it's the character or personality of a good ethical manager or leader or organization. The four corner stones of sustainable success in any modern business venture, and is a maxim for today's management and organizational philosophy. Probity means honesty, uprightness - it's from the Latin word probus, meaning good. 'Purpose' is an apt replacement for 'Profit' and thus makes the acronym appropriate for use in not-for-profit organizations. Profit-focused corporations can of course substitute 'Profit' for 'Purpose'. The aim of all good modern organizations is to reconcile the organizational purpose (whether this be profit for shareholders, or cost-effective services delivery, in the case of public services) with the needs and feelings of people (staff, customers, suppliers, local communities, stakeholders, etc) with proper consideration for the planet - the world we live in (in terms of sustainability, environment, wildlife, natural resources, our heritage, 'fair trade', other cultures and societies, etc) and at all times acting with probity - encompassing love, integrity, compassion, honesty, and truth. Probity enables the other potentially conflicting aims to be harmonised so that the mix is sustainable, ethical and successful. Traditional inward-looking management and leadership skills (which historically considered only the purpose - typically profit - and the methods for achieving it) are no longer sufficient for sustainable organizational success. Organizations have a far wider agenda today. Moreover, performance, behaviour and standards are transparent globally - the whole world can see and judge how leaders and organizations behave - and the modern leader must now lead with this global accountability. From a