Facebook Case Essay

Facebook Case Essay Facebook Case Essay In this article the writer shows perusers Facebook’s endeavors to turn into an innovator in web based promoting. Being one of the most visited sites with in excess of 600 million dynamic clients, Facebook is a definitive spot for advertisers to exploit verbal. Imprint Zuckerberg and his group continually improves highlights of the site and grows new innovations to make a one of a kind method of individual publicizing. Today Facebook permits organizations to make free brand pages where clients can remark and post on them. Organizations and customers discuss straightforwardly with one another, assisting with bettering comprehend the market. Also, Open Graph innovation incorporates Facebook with different sites, allowing clients to share intriguing articles, tunes and different records with their companions through the channel. In any case, there are significant issues that challenge Facebook. To begin with, individual promoting accept the utilization of users’ individual information. Facebook tracks users’ movement and inclinations, which helps target promotions better. Ongoing utilization of Beacon innovation brought about an embarrassment, though many individuals were irate that their exercises were followed and communicated on promotions. Second, individuals don't see Facebook as an inquiry site. Profit for Facebook advertisements is a lot of lower than that of Google promotions. Individuals invest more energy in Facebook, however they use Google search when they are prepared to make a buy. Third issue is that Facebook doesn't create any benefit from companies’ free brand pages and Open Graph

Torture in Guantanamo Bay free essay sample

Torment in Guantanamo Bay Mohamed al-Kahtani was a detainee at Guantanamo Bay who persevered through various sickening and really appalling demonstrations of torment. Being tempted by whores and female officials, advised to act like a canine and compelled to slither on all fours while woofing, and compelled to pee himself are only a couple of instances of the kind of life prisoner’s at Guantanamo Bay are living. They are held in isolation, while the entire day and night their lights in the rooms are kept on. Every day prisoner’s are tormented. Regardless of whether it is psychical or enthusiastic torment, it is happening all round the camp. Prisoner’s being secured and compelled to tune in to amazingly noisy exciting music for and expanded timeframe is one of the strategies used to separate an individual inwardly, to ensure they are totally agreeable and heavily influenced by the officials. We will compose a custom exposition test on Torment in Guantanamo Bay or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page With the entirety of this going on, with various reports of maltreatment from the Red Cross, the United States Government keeps on argueing against the way that it is happening. Their steady cases of no maltreatment are frightfully like The Party in George Orwell’s epic 1984. They tell the open a certain something, and they all accept that it is valid truly. The utilization of twofold think, as it is called, isn't the main thing reliable with the novel In the Guantanamo Bay detainment community, torment and mental fighting are utilized to separate the desire of prisoner’s to put them under unlimited authority of the officials of the camp, which is fundamentally the same as the torment portrayed in the novel 1984. In an assessment of Guantanamo Bay, the Red Cross discovered numerous indications of misuse and torment alongside mental damage done to the prisoner’s. The authorities utilized various kinds of torment, which are all very perilous just as powerful. In the event that a prisoner is uncooperative, they free their standard opportunities. They are precluded use from claiming the toilets, and are compelled to pee and poo themselves. One prisoner came clean with the authorities about him not being at a gathering with Osama canister Laden, and in light of the fact that his answer was unsuitable, he had to pee himself. Detainees are additionally shackled to the floor during cross examinations and meetings so they can't represent a danger. There are likewise various episodes revealed including beatings of the prisoners. They are beaten in the event that they don't coordinate or if their answers are not what the authorities need to hear. As a result of the beatings, numerous prisoners admit to wrongdoings they didn't participate in. The ones who participate are given significantly more extravagance than the individuals who don't. The prisoners who are either new or uncooperative wear orange jumpsuits, while the other people who do participate or given white cotton apparel. The beatings became less regular, and turned out to be fundamentally a danger, a ghastliness to which he could be sent back at any second when his answers were unacceptable. His examiners currently were not miscreants in dark garbs but rather Party savvy people, minimal hefty men with snappy developments and glimmering displays, who took a shot at him in transfers over periods which endured †he figured, he was unable to be certain †ten or twelve hours at a stretch. These different examiners made sure that he was in steady slight agony, however it was not essentially torment that they depended on. They smacked his face, wrung his ears, pulled his hair, made him remain on one leg, denied him leave to pee, shone glaring lights in his face until his eyes ran with water; however the point of this was essentially to embarrass him and wreck his capacity of belligerence and thinking. Their genuine weapon was the hardhearted scrutinizing that continued endlessly, monotonously, entangling him, laying snares for him, winding everything that he stated, indicting him at each progression of untruths and self-inconsistency until he started sobbing as much from disgrace as from apprehensive weariness. (Page 264, Part 3, Chapter 2). †We have beaten you, Winston. We have split you up. You have seen what your body resembles. Your brain is in a similar state. I don't think there can be a lot of pride left in you. You have been kicked and lashed and offended, you have shouted with torment, you have moved on the floor in your own blood and regurgitation. You show whimpered for kindness, you have deceived everyone and everything. Would you be able to think about a solitary corruption that has not transpired? †(Part 3, Chapter 3). Much the same as in the novel, the official’s beat and torment the prisoner’s until they just totally surrender, and admit to whatever they are advised to. Winston is tormented until he can't take any longer, and admit to acts he had no clue even occurred. â€Å"Never again will you be fit for normal human inclination. Everything will be dead within you. Never again will you be equipped for adoration, or companionship, or delight of living, or giggling, or interest, or boldness, or trustworthiness. You will be empty. We will press you unfilled and than we will fill you with ourselves. A significant piece of the way toward separating one’s will is assaulting their psychological state. Mental fighting has an enormous impact in the torment being done at Guantanamo. The lights are kept on the entire day and night, confounding the prisoners. This can befuddle them and permits them to free track of time without any problem. They are likewise lashed down, and compelled to tune in to uproarious awesome music while the lights glimmer. Boisterous attack is additionally utilized, prisoners are told they are useless, hounds have increasingly societal position then them, and their religions are assaulted so as to disturb them. Authorities forestall revolts and packs by checking them, just as not permitting them to talk in gatherings of more than three. Much the same as the explanation behind the beatings, the utilization of this sort of torment is to separate the prisoners will. When they are intellectually and mystically mishandled, they must choose the option to acknowledge whatever they are being told. The utilization of this sort of torment is destroying to the psychical and emotional well-being of the individuals in the camp. The explanation the maltreatment has had the option to proceed is a result of the privacy utilized, and we currently know about the maltreatment as a result of meetings and assessments. The main individuals who know about the genuine chilling subtleties are the authority of the narrows, and the individuals who work for him. Legal counselors who drop by and converse with the prisoner’s are compelled. They can't rehash or indicate anything they see occurring at Guantanamo, and on account of that nobody recognizes what genuinely happens. To exacerbate the situation, the U. S. Government guarantees that there is no maltreatment being held at the inside. At whatever point another gossip jumps up, they rush to get out and kill it. Discussing what goes on happens however. The main time it does is when individual associated with the cove are there. In the novel, Orwell says, â€Å"If the Party could push its hand into the past and state either even, it never happened-that, clearly, was more frightening than minor torment and death†-(page 32, book 1, section 3). That statement shows that it is so unnerving to realize that the administration can say something never occurred, and the open thinking all that they state. This protection and force are what permits the U. S. , just as The Party, to proceed with what they manage without having the option to be halted. Much the same as in the novel, just the Inner Party individuals know about the genuine subtleties of Room 101, just as the services. The main explanation we are aware of what goes on at Guantanamo is a result of assessments, and for the most part meets with discharged prisoners from the camp. Most prisoners don't talk about what occurred, however fortunately a couple have. One such individual is Mohamed al-Kahtani. He has detailed that whores have been gotten to lure Muslims, just as female officials. He talked about the authorities getting a pooch to show how faithful and steadfast it is. They revealed to him that he should resemble the canine, and made him bark to creep around so he can â€Å"raise his social status†. Another accommodating individual was Shafiq Rasul, who after three month’s at Guatanamo was accused of the 9/11 arranging. They blamed him for meeting with Osama canister Laden because of the reality a man remaining behind receptacle Laden looked like him. In the wake of coming clean with them that it was not he, the torment started. Following quite a while of misuse, he at long last surrendered and erroneously confessed to being at the gathering. We are aware of this as a result of the prisoners revealing to us direct understanding. The main explanation we are aware of what goes on in Room 101 is a direct result of Winston letting us know. In the event that it wasn’t for the prisoners and Winston, we would not know without a doubt what happens in Room 101 and Guatanamo Bay. Albeit one is a novel and the other is a military camp, the two of them contain incredibly hazardous attributes. Guantanamo Bay is fundamentally the genuine Oceania for individuals under doubt of psychological warfare. The utilization of torment, mental assaults, and separating a prisoner’s will are on the whole like the novel. Indeed, even the little subtleties of not being permitted to pee and keeping the lights on throughout the day are equivalent to the novel. Torture, however the mystery of the entire activity is actually equivalent to 1984. Keeping it inside the Bay is equivalent to the Party keeping it inside the Party. The prisoner’s of both Oceania and Guantanamo never realize to what extent they will be kept, or what will transpire. The utilization of torment is sickening and particularly obtuse. Be that as it may, all things being equal, it is one of the best approaches to get somebody to talk. In both Oceania and Guantanamo Bay, torment is utilized to separate one’s will all together for complete dutifulness.

School Changes Since the Tragedy at Columbine

School Changes Since the Tragedy at Columbine PTSD Causes Print School Changes Since the Tragedy at Columbine By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on October 01, 2019 Marc Piscotty / Getty Images More in PTSD Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions PTSD and the Military Ten years ago, on April 20, 1999, students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold attacked Columbine High School, resulting in the death of 12 students and a teacher, as well as the wounding of over 20 people. The attackers eventually took their own lives. However, their actions continue to affect people and schools today. The tragedy at Columbine High School brought to light the importance of identifying risk factors for youth violence (such as a history of aggressive behavior, bullying, exposure to violence in the media), as well as the need for the development and implementation of programs focused on the early detection of these risk factors and prevention of school violence. Have Changes Been Made in Schools Since Columbine? A group of researchers from the University of Northern Colorado and Englewood Schools in Englewood, Colorado, were interested in examining what changes have Colorado schools made since April 1999 in order to prevent future incidents of violence. They sent out surveys to school mental health professionals at 335 public high schools throughout Colorado. These surveys asked school mental health professionals about mental health services and violence prevention programs and strategies in their schools before and after April 1999. Changes in Mental Health Services and Violence Prevention Programs The results of these surveys show that a number of services and programs were available to students prior to the Columbine shootings. For example, most schools (approximately 88%) offered individual counseling to students and had methods for identifying (approximately 71%) and dealing with (around 68%) students who might be at risk for violence. However, a number of changes were made after April 1999, with the majority of mental health services and violence prevention programs that were examined increasing considerably in availability. Some of these changes are reviewed below. There was a 20% increase in schools having a crisis planThere was a 10% increase in the availability of group counselingApproximately 9% more schools had a crisis team8% more schools started having daily check-ins with students who might be at risk for violenceThere was around an 8% increase in the availability of conflict resolution programs7% more schools offered social skills training. Other changes made (around a 5% to 7% increase across schools) included offering education programs on dealing with emotions, developing parenting classes, staging interventions for at-risk students, having an interagency team, and providing family therapy. Less change, however, occurred in regard to creating procedures for identifying students at-risk for violence, increasing the availability of contracted mental health services, offering peer mediation, putting in place mentoring programs, having peer counselors, and providing individual counseling. Changes in Security Many schools increased the number of violence prevention strategies (basically security) after April 1999. Around 63% more schools had tighter security procedures40% more schools instituted stricter discipline for studentsApproximately 32% more schools increased the presence of securityAround 17% more schools started doing locker searchesAround 13% more schools increased the number of available mental health providers. More Changes Needed Despite these changes, many school mental health professionals wanted more changes, especially in regard to having more mental health professionals available in schools, the offering of parenting classes, and putting together conflict resolution programs. The biggest obstacle to making these changes, however, was a lack of funds and the availability of people to provide these services. Preventing Violence in Schools It is hopeful to see that many changes have been made in public high schools in Colorado since the tragedy at Columbine in April 1999. Although more changes are desired (and likely needed), hopefully, these changes will be enough to prevent future tragedies. Of course, these researchers only surveyed public high schools in Colorado. Less is known about whether schools across the country have implemented such changes. In addition, it is important to note that preventing youth violence is not just up to the schools, but also the responsibility of parents and students. A number of risk factors for youth violence have been identified, such as a history of aggressive behavior, a history of mental illness, substance use, a history of childhood abuse, poor parenting, bullying, and excessive exposure to violence in the media. You can learn more about other risk factors and early warning signs from the American Psychological Association (APA), which provides an informative brochure on reasons for youth violence, recognizing the potential for violence in others, and how to manage risk for violence in yourself and others. The National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center also provides information on a number of warning signs for youth violence.

An Analysis of Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow...

1. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1899) contains elements that could be construed as a feminist take on a paternalistic society or a gothic ghost story. When the writer states that  ¦ he hardly lets me stir without direction, I cant imagine anything more claustrophobic. Given the period in which this is written, it makes sense that this attitude is fueled by the endemic paternalism of the time. When the heads with bulging eyes began to appear in the wallpaper, as if these heads represented a harvest of women trapped in a paternalistic society, this could be construed as the writer portraying the oppression of women, but it could also be viewed as a ghostly manifestation. However, the one consistent theme throughout the story is that the writer is slowly losing her mind, due in large part to her husbands well-intentioned prescription of rest. While this type of treatment would never be tolerated in Western society today, from what I know of that period the husband was probably acting in good faith. If this assessment is true, then this cant be a story about the oppression of women or a ghost story, but a story about the slow encroachment of insanity brought about by a paternalistic approach to medicine. 2. The title of the short story The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin (1894) does appear a bit muted compared to what happens to Mrs. Mallard over the course of an hour. She goes from dreading a long life in her current marriage, to experiencingShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper is a feminist piece of literature that analyzed women’s struggle in the 1900s, such as medical diagnosis and women’s roles. Over the years, women struggled to attain independence and freedom. In order to achieve these liberties, they were females who paved the way and spoke out about these issues to secure equal rights for women. In addition, these powerful females used their vulnerability to challenge the male domination through their literary work. The Yellow Wallpaper is aRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 Pagesjourney of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† cr eated by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiable lifestyleRead More What Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper1572 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Others Say about The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1890 and eventually published in 1892 in the New England Magazine and in William Dean Howells collection, Great Modern American Stories (Shumaker 94). The story was original not only because of its subject matter, but also because it is written in the form of a loosely connected journal. It follows the narrators private thoughts which become increasingly more confusingRead More Critical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins1179 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a detailed account of the author’s battle with depression and mental illness. Gilman’s state of mental illness and delusion is portrayed in this narrative essay. Through her account of this debilitating illness, the reader is able to relate her behavior and thoughts to that of an insane patient in an asylum. She exhibits the same typeRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1051 Words   |  5 Pages Patel 1 Aditi Patel 3/14/16 English 102 Esposito, Carmine. A Critical Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a famous social worker and a leading author of women’s issues. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s relating to views of women s rights and her demands for economic and social reform of gender inequities are very famous for the foundations of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In critics GilmanRead MoreCultural Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper927 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Analysis: The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story told from the perspective of a woman who’s believed to be â€Å"crazy†. The narrator believes that she is sick while her husband, John, believes her to just be suffering from a temporary nervous depression. The narrator’s condition worsens and she begins to see a woman moving from behind the yellow wallpaper in their bedroom. The wallpaper captures the narrator’s attention and initial drives herRead MoreEffects Of Repressing The Yellow Wallpaper 1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper In her story, The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman expresses exasperation towards the separate male and female roles expected of her society, and the evident repressed rights of a woman versus the active duties of a man. The story depicts the methods taken to cure a woman of her psychological state during Gilman’s time, and delineates the dominant cure of the time period, â€Å"the resting cure,† which encouraged the restraint of the imagination (The Yellow Wallpaper: LookingRead MoreFeminist Perspective on Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper, Written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is comprised as an assortment of journal entries written in first person, by a woman who has been confined to a room by her physician husband who he believes suffers a temporary nervous depression, when she is actually suffering from postpartum depression. He prescribes her a â€Å"rest cure†. The woman remains anonymous throughout the story. She becomes obsessed with the yellow wallpaper that surrounds her in the room, and engages in some outrageousRead MoreVoices Of The Woman Beyond The Pattern1484 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Voices of the Woman Beyond the Pattern† The Yellow Wallpaper, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892, is at first glance the story of a woman driven to madness in a desperate attempt to escape the strict confines placed on her by the treatment regime of the day. More than that though, Gilman has created an alter ego to give voice to her own experiences and frustrations with the societal constraints imposed on women at the time of its publishing. This tale of disempowerment and the subjugationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1269 Words   |  6 Pages15 February 2017 Analysis of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Life during the 1800s for a woman was rather distressing. Society had essentially designated them the role of being a housekeeper and bearing children. They had little to no voice on how they lived their daily lives. Men decided everything for them. To clash with society s conventional views is a challenging thing to do; however, Charlotte Perkins Gilman does an excellent job fighting that battle by writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† one of the most

Complicated Relationship Between the Federal, State, and...

The relationship between the federal government of the United States and the state and local governments is unique. This relationship in the modern age has become more interconnected and complicated than ever before. The weaknesses of American Federalism has never been as glaringly obvious as it was in the response by state, local and federal governments to the devastation of Hurricane Katrina. Failures by multiple elected officials and government agencies exacerbated an already dire situation by delaying much needed aid to the gulf region. This, combined with a fundamental misunderstanding of the physical geography of the region, led to policies that weakened the coastline and made New Orleans extremely susceptible to hurricane damage.†¦show more content†¦Federal agencies failed to respond to multiple attempts by both private and public institutions to warn of the possibility of a large scale disaster spurred by a land falling hurricane. An independent study financed by th e Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and completed more than a year before Katrina, found that New Orleans was the U.S. city most susceptible to hurricane damage. FEMA elected to take no further action than to circulate the results of the report to the organization. Some think this may have been worsened by the decision to place FEMA under Department of Homeland Security, which decreased funding and restricted natural disaster response resources. The federal government also failed the gulf region in the policy decisions made concerning the management of natural resources in the area and the effect on its physical geography. One of these programs was called the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet or MRGO. The purpose of this project was to provide an economic boost to the region by increasing river traffic, and also aid in the recurring flood water issues in the Mississippi Delta Region. A byproduct of the project was that it increased the flow of water south to New Orleans. Government subsidies were given to companies drilling in the New Orleans region for oil and natural gas even though this was causing the city to slowlyShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences of an Increasingly Globalized World Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdramatically changed the context in which nation-states operate and, in turn, the central governments’ ability to govern in a truly democratic manner. With this in mind, this essay will address the questio n of whether the federal principle of governance is applicable to all or only certain states. It will argue that as the forces of globalisation continue to operate, the federal principle will gradually become the most attractive option for all democratic states as they contend with its consequences. 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She has requested an information paper that shows her why these relationships are important, as well as how the DHS uses these companies as a tool for the protection of critical infrastructure and key resources. To: Director, Executive Secretariat of the Office of the Secretary, DHS From: Action OfficerRead MoreEssay on Discovering the Relationship Between the Law and My School1172 Words   |  5 PagesDiscovering the Relationship Between the Law and My School Grand Canyon University EDA-555 August 8, 2012 Sitting down to chat with any lawyer proves to be a difficult task unless of course you are paying them. This was the case when attempting to complete this assignment as well, as our school lawyer represents several schools in the area and he was busy working with another school. Instead the questions were asked of our school principal, and our school superintendent over lunch during

Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year Free Essays

This report outlines the strategic options available to Coast4Life for the upcoming fiscal year. Through my research, I have identified the current situational analysis that is necessary to be considered for the options that will be provided in this report. Current situational analysis: Vision: Coast4Life cruise will be the first choice for vacationers who are seeking a safe, enjoyable and unique cruise experience in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mission: Coast4Life meets the needs of vacationers by offering safe, enjoyable and unique cruises along BC coast at affordable prices and at a high quality of service. Coast4Life strives to minimize the safety effects of cruising on ecology and maximize the safety of customers, staff and marine life by ensuring ships are well maintained and environmental and safety regulations are exceeded. Preferences: The Board of Directors(BOD) preference is to be profitable and maintain a positive net income in light of upcoming economic downturn. The General Manager of the Fraser dry dock believes it defines the reputation on BC Coast for Coast4Life safety. Constraints: Cash available on hand is $10,461,000 and an after tax rate of return on 16%. Key Success Factors: Coast4life cruises wants to provide high quality services to the passengers. Refer to the passenger/crew ratio in comparison to industry averages(see Appendix 3-1). Current Financial Analysis(See Appendix 1- Financial Ratios): Ongoing increase to Coast4life’s abilities to meet its short-term obligations. In light of the slight increase of acquiring additional assets, our revenue streams still continues to outmatch this on a steady basis; however, the incremental revenue is declining with each year. Our service offerings grow; generating incremental income each year; nevertheless, Coast Native and Natural Splendour gross margin’s are the same, and each offers different services. Company’s ability to cover interest is growing over the years, and our debts are declining. Coast4Life’s ability to convert investments into profit has increased. Strategic Options: To cut costs. Option#1: Divesture of the Fraser dry dock Pro(s): Gain on sale of $7,274,000; in favour of BOD preferences and in line of providing the necessary funds to maintain incremental financial targets for upcoming economic downturn(see Appendix 3- 2). Con(s): Against general manager’s preference, as can affect the reputation of the company – the quality of safety regulations the company adheres to. Option #2: Registering Coast4Life’s ships in Liberia Pro(s): WagesSalaries will be cut by 30%; In favour of BOD’s preference to cut costs – $1,423,530 would be saved by outsourcing from Liberia(see Appendix #3- 3). Con(s): Affect quality of service provided by the crew; be against the mission statement Hiring unskilled labour can potentially increase management expenses(Additional Training). Minor options: For materiality purposes with respect to revenue sources the following are minor options to generate additional revenue: Option #1: Switching customer target markets Pro(s): By targeting 40-60 year olds, revenue streams will increase by 20%, which could also increase all financial ratios by the same rate and, thus be in line with the vision statement. This target group can afford a more unique  experience given industry annual family income of $78,000. For ages 40 -60 Industry is higher by 8% so we have space to grow and target this age group (see Appendix 3-4). Con(s): By changing target there is no guarantee that revenues will be maintained throughout the downturn in the following fiscal year even with growth in tourism industry in Canada. Option #2: Implement a web-based booking system Pro(s): Can potentially save the company up to $1,341,250 [($2,146,000Ãâ€"10% reduction)/16% after tax rate of return] in travel agent commissions over the life of the company and assist in further increasing the company’s activity ratio Can be paid off in less than 4 months. The payback formula proves that no cash is needed to be spent, as through the incremental savings this investment will be recouped(see Appendix 3-5). Cons: Decrease word of mouth advertising via travel agents. Increase global competition due to the online presence. Recommendation Given the uncertain future ahead, it is best to be conservative and in line with the current mission statement for company objectives. It would be best that Fraser dock would be divested and web-based booking system would be implemented. This would cut costs and increase revenues via savings that can be earned without risking the reputation of the company or established revenue stream. With this consideration, the company will still have enough resources to maintain its financial position. How to cite Strategic Options Available To Coast4Life For The Upcoming Fiscal Year, Essays

Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case Essay Example

Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case Essay The main problem in the dispute between the United States and the European Union in the beef hormone dispute is to determine the extent that a country can use health or other concerns to prohibit trade. The major aspect of this dilemma is that the United States and Europe have different regulations concerning beef. Although the beef meets American and International standards it doesn’t meet some European regulations. Even though the case went to the WTO and there were recommendations made, the have problem between the United States and the European Union has not been solved. In the case study it informs us that after the ruling in the favor of removing the barrier due to a lack of scientific evidence that hormone treated beef is bad, that the European Union persisted in the ban of all hormone treated beef (Moss 2002). In retaliation the United States placed tariffs on a mixture European Union goods; however, though the both the tariffs and beef restrictions remain, the parties are in negotiations (Moss 2002). Thus, there are a few different outcomes that may eventually take place, the ban on beef remains in place, the ban on beef is taken away in response to punitive tariffs, or the two parties come to an understanding and make compromises. Because the United States has performed decades of research, they feel that the hormone-treated beef is perfectly safe to the end consumers. Research has shown that the amount of hormones in the treated beef isn’t significantly above the hormone levels found in naturally raised beef (Moss 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, by taking the case to the WTO has tried to ensure that the European Union is not creating a non-tariff barrier to trade. Even though there are other tariffs placed on the European Union, they don’t seem to mind the higher costs. One measure the United States could take next is to increase the punitive tariffs higher until Europe drops its ban, thus, trying to force Europe into accepting its imports. While America could certainly push this prerogative, it is not likely to create an effective solution to the problem. It is clear that the United States and Europe have different tolerances when it comes to modified food and what they are willing to tolerate. Jean Buzby, an agricultural economist, states, â€Å"European consumers are generally less trusting of food safety regulatory systems than are U. S. consumers because of recent incidents where European agencies initially failed to detect the extent of food safety problems† (Buzby 64). Thus, it is clear to see why the European consumers are skeptical to allow the hormone-grown beef. This fear was magnified after the press sensationalized the possible effects of long-term the beef consumption (Moss 2002). However, insisting the ban remain in place or go away is short sided and not likely to alleviate the tension of the relationship between the United States farmers and the European Union consumers. Thus, both sides need to examine what an equitable remedy would be for the regulation and trade of the hormone grown beef. The two aspects that the case mentions have been discussed in negotiations is that the United States agreed to label the hormone-treated beef, and Europe has offered to expand the market for naturally grown American beef (Moss 2002). Both of these options are good first steps to be taken. By labeling the hormone-treated beef, the European consumer can make an informed decision, and allow the individual consumers to decide whether or not to buy meat that has been raised with hormones. However, this will add considerable cost to the marketing of the meat, and may not solve the real problem (Buzby 2001). In order to ensure that labels can be trusted and accurately reflect the true product, there need to be more means of controls and agents to inspect and certify the meat. As a result the price for the beef will increase to pay for the process and it may lead to problems in Europe as consumers shun the meat from the United States. The European agreement to create more access to the market for untreated meat is important because it is a step forward in allowing the import of American beef. If the United States had understood and taken into consideration the needs of all people affected by the problem, I think they would have come up with better solutions to the problem rather than going to the WTO. America would have seen that the context of the problem doesn’t end in the science of the problem, but it stems from prior food safety issues. References: Buzby, J. C. , Effects of food-safety perceptions on food demand and global trade, In: Regmi, A. 2001. Ed.. Changing Structure of Global Food Consumption and Trade, Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) EconomicResearch Service. 55–66. Moss, David, and Rick Bartlett, Note on WTO disputes: five major cases, 2002. Boston: Harvard College. 5-7. Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case Essay Example Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case Essay The main problem in the dispute between the United States and the European Union in the beef hormone dispute is to determine the extent that a country can use health or other concerns to prohibit trade. The major aspect of this dilemma is that the United States and Europe have different regulations concerning beef. Although the beef meets American and International standards it doesn’t meet some European regulations. Even though the case went to the WTO and there were recommendations made, the have problem between the United States and the European Union has not been solved. In the case study it informs us that after the ruling in the favor of removing the barrier due to a lack of scientific evidence that hormone treated beef is bad, that the European Union persisted in the ban of all hormone treated beef (Moss 2002). In retaliation the United States placed tariffs on a mixture European Union goods; however, though the both the tariffs and beef restrictions remain, the parties are in negotiations (Moss 2002). Thus, there are a few different outcomes that may eventually take place, the ban on beef remains in place, the ban on beef is taken away in response to punitive tariffs, or the two parties come to an understanding and make compromises. Because the United States has performed decades of research, they feel that the hormone-treated beef is perfectly safe to the end consumers. Research has shown that the amount of hormones in the treated beef isn’t significantly above the hormone levels found in naturally raised beef (Moss 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wto Dispute Beef Hormone Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, by taking the case to the WTO has tried to ensure that the European Union is not creating a non-tariff barrier to trade. Even though there are other tariffs placed on the European Union, they don’t seem to mind the higher costs. One measure the United States could take next is to increase the punitive tariffs higher until Europe drops its ban, thus, trying to force Europe into accepting its imports. While America could certainly push this prerogative, it is not likely to create an effective solution to the problem. It is clear that the United States and Europe have different tolerances when it comes to modified food and what they are willing to tolerate. Jean Buzby, an agricultural economist, states, â€Å"European consumers are generally less trusting of food safety regulatory systems than are U. S. consumers because of recent incidents where European agencies initially failed to detect the extent of food safety problems† (Buzby 64). Thus, it is clear to see why the European consumers are skeptical to allow the hormone-grown beef. This fear was magnified after the press sensationalized the possible effects of long-term the beef consumption (Moss 2002). However, insisting the ban remain in place or go away is short sided and not likely to alleviate the tension of the relationship between the United States farmers and the European Union consumers. Thus, both sides need to examine what an equitable remedy would be for the regulation and trade of the hormone grown beef. The two aspects that the case mentions have been discussed in negotiations is that the United States agreed to label the hormone-treated beef, and Europe has offered to expand the market for naturally grown American beef (Moss 2002). Both of these options are good first steps to be taken. By labeling the hormone-treated beef, the European consumer can make an informed decision, and allow the individual consumers to decide whether or not to buy meat that has been raised with hormones. However, this will add considerable cost to the marketing of the meat, and may not solve the real problem (Buzby 2001). In order to ensure that labels can be trusted and accurately reflect the true product, there need to be more means of controls and agents to inspect and certify the meat. As a result the price for the beef will increase to pay for the process and it may lead to problems in Europe as consumers shun the meat from the United States. The European agreement to create more access to the market for untreated meat is important because it is a step forward in allowing the import of American beef. If the United States had understood and taken into consideration the needs of all people affected by the problem, I think they would have come up with better solutions to the problem rather than going to the WTO. America would have seen that the context of the problem doesn’t end in the science of the problem, but it stems from prior food safety issues. References: Buzby, J. C. , Effects of food-safety perceptions on food demand and global trade, In: Regmi, A. 2001. Ed.. Changing Structure of Global Food Consumption and Trade, Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) EconomicResearch Service. 55–66. Moss, David, and Rick Bartlett, Note on WTO disputes: five major cases, 2002. Boston: Harvard College. 5-7.

Rwanda essays

Rwanda essays In my opinion, Belgians have the biggest responsibility of genocide in Rwanda. Every thing started with Belgiums colonizatation. They did many horrible things to Rwanda and its people. Firstly, the first thing they did is the seperatation. Before Belgians come, there were many groups living in the country peacefully. There wasnt any ruler or a king there. However, Belgium, by this peacefully way they couldnt have reached their intention. Hence, they decided to set at loggerheads Hutus and Tutsis. Hutus and Tutsis have already been divided by their stereotypes. Conversely they were not enemies. Afterwards, Belgians made an identify card system, day by day which will become a hereditary thing. It helped Belgium to start a war between these two groups. It was known that Tutsis were known as the rulers and Hutus were the workers. Conversely there wasnt an enmity. And also being a Tutsi or a Hutu comes from having 10 or less cattle and having 10 or more cattle. Thus, their grandfathers designate their groups. I think that, it was the best way to start a war and now we can easily say that it was genocide. They made real separation because before Belgium there was nobody killing each other. Furthermore, when something become hereditary, nobody can change it. It was maybe the same as a rule but also it was more unchangeable than a rule. Hence, making something hereditary will be sometimes easy as we see in this example but break it we need hundreds of years. Secondly, they worked hand in hand with Catholic Church, which ran the schools. So that Huru children will learn Christian but Tutsis wont. Because they was known as race of Ham, one of the three sons of Noah. By that, they also started region separation I think. As a consequence, maybe Hutus didnt do anything to Tutsis in the past because of Tutsis region power. But now there is no handicap! It is becoming more and more important year by year . ...

Get Your Mariners Safety Training Certification

Get Your Mariners Safety Training Certification If you are looking for a job in a maritime field, you may consider obtaining your  Standards for Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) certification. This certification is a basic safety training but it can be an important stepping stone to landing your dream job. Step 1: Determine How You Will Use Your Training Your ultimate goal will determine the best path to your  STCW certification. If youre not sure about the exact job you want thats okay because most of the following steps apply to everyone seeking this basic safety training. The two main exceptions are employer specific courses like those designed for cruise ships and post-military personnel who want to transfer their skills to civilian certifications. Even if you fall into one of these categories there are advantages to following these steps. Step 2: Determine the Job Requirements for Your Goal Position If you have a target employer and job it should be very easy to get a job description plus minimal and preferred requirements. STCW certification is recognized internationally and varies little from the original IMO convention. Not every operation will have a written description of requirements and some may simply adopt a standardized description from a third party or government agency. If you are on your own in this adventure then it will take a bit more work to find out what you need to do. Well use a common example of crew on a private vessel. Recreational Boating is a common entry point into the commercial side of the industry. Many positions for crew are offered each year and some in exotic destinations can be a satisfying way to travel and still generate income. Almost all of these crew positions require STCW certification at a minimum. In order to reduce insurance costs and assure the safety of the vessel and passengers everyone working aboard must be STCW certified. The skills of STCW are the very basics but compromise some of the most important training a sailor will receive in their career. If you cannot determine what the exact qualifications are needed for the job look for some equivalent vessels and compare minimum qualifications. Schools can offer some advice too. Step 3: Identify a Training Location This is easy since there is only one option these days. In the past, an STCW certification could be gained on experience alone. Today the opposite is true, all of the training takes place in the classroom and occasionally demonstrated in the field. If you are new to boats you may want to look for a course that is hands-on and offers some time on the water. Hands-on courses are more expensive but worth it if you dont have significant practical experience. For some employers, a course with real-world conditions may take the place of some sea hours. The cost of any of these courses is significant and in places like the United States, the cost to obtain some certifications is even higher due to extra security measures. Look around, know what sort of product you are shopping for, read reviews, talk to potential employers; you may need to travel but that can be included in expenses if you are receiving financial aid. Financial aid can be used for maritime education and most schools make that process as easy as possible for potential students. Step Four: Obtain Experience This is the most important step of all. There are many graduates of STCW programs that have no job experience and wonder why they cant get that job in the Mediterranean. Simple, those jobs go to tested STCW graduates. Get any job you can that gives you some time on the water that can be documented. Maybe your area only has a short tourist season and local jobs produce few hours every year. Take those few hours, have your employer document them, and include them on your resume or CV.

Statistical Data and questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statistical Data and questions - Essay Example Most runaway from their homes due to different forms of abuse, however, the abuse rate is at only 4% of their total population. Churches that take them in are reported to abuse them ‘spiritualy’ Promise House, an NGO that tries to resettle them writes on its website, â€Å"These are children. And it is time for us to see these teens as our children -- lost and alone, terrified and lonely. They have been abandoned by their parents, neighborhoods, cities, by our country. They are abused, sold into prostitution, preyed upon, ignored, assaulted, even murdered. And they are getting younger and are staying on the street longer.† The highest percentage of the homeless teens is run away cases at 67% of the total homeless teen population. Those who run do it mainly because of abuse either at home or at school. There are more females than males at 51% with African Americans leading at 66% followed by Hispanics, Caucasians then other in that order. There are programs ran by the state in partnership with NGOs like Family Connections and Promise House among others. They are offering comprehensive services such as educational support groups, drug-free alternative activities, and life enrichment services. The state has a plan to eliminate homelessness in general by 2014 called the Dallas Ten-Year Plan: An Action Plan to Identify Goals, Strategies and Methodology to Impact and End Chronic

How Smart Phones are the New PC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Smart Phones are the New PC - Research Paper Example The proceeding sections depict a detailed insight into this argument. II. Outline The paper discusses how the new technology ‘smart phones’ have given tough competition to personal computers by incorporating the features of a personal computer on a mobile phone. Traditionally, the cell phone did not offer many features except for simply text messaging and a call feature at most. However, with the passage of time, mobile phone manufacturers are incorporating a variety of tasks and functions to enhance the user experience. This has resulted in an overlapping of the functions provided by smart phones and personal computers. The paper discusses the manner in which the mart phone technology has become the new personal computer and its scope in future. III. Content The term ‘smart’ phones refers to top of the line mobile phones that are built using a technology known as the â€Å"mobile computing platform† and that offers enhanced connection features and co mputing power compared to the traditional mobile phone (Jipping). The initial ‘smart’ phones incorporated simpler, less sophisticated technology such as the camera and features of the PDA (Ilyas and Ahson). However, with the passage of time, more complex features were incorporated including GPS, GPRS, media players and video/voice recording. Contemporary smart phones not only include these, but also technology such as touch screens, web browsers, Wi-Fi and high speed internet experience (Jipping). These features have enhanced the user experience and let to the popularity of smart phones, raising questions about the threat this shall impose to personal computers. The Smartphone technology can be compared to the Swiss Army Knife metaphor (Emigh). Thus, Smartphone bears resemblance to a knife in terms of compactness and ease of use. The new Smartphones are not just mobile phones; they intend to offer more than just the conventional texting and calling features. Unlike its predecessors, the Smartphone now offers features such as the GPS which helps users to navigate the area they are in, to find their way through malls and shopping centres as well as for frequent travelers who want to find their way through a new city (Hinch). Thus, clearly the new Smartphone is a comprehensive phone that offers a complex range of features all at one click. However, similar to a Swiss Army Knife, not all of the â€Å"blades† or features of the Smartphone may be useful to a particular user (Emigh). IV. Comparison Whether or not smart phones are the new pc has been a heavily debated topic in the IT industry. According to one author, the question boils down to whether the Smartphone is a new pc or is it s Swiss army knife in disguise (Emigh). Some experts have suggested that with the rising trend of innovative mobile applications and the development of a multitude of mobile operating systems, the Smartphone is fast becoming the new PC. (Wood, Northam and Gjertsen) An example to illustrate this point could be Verizon, which offers the â€Å"Motorola Driod Bionic† that offers the 4G platform (Tokuda, Beigl and Friday). The mobile comes with dual-core chips (resembling the dual core chips in personal computer processors) (Hunn). Furthermore, mobile phones such as LG and Samsung boast of having models that offer processors as fast as 1 GHz (Ilyas and Ahson). The â€Å"

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays - Inappropriate for Children :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Inappropriate for Children The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is, not and should not, be considered a child's story. A story like this may corrupt a young child's mind. It deals with adult themes and concepts that are generally not suitable for young children. Als o, if used as a child's story it may confuse them or give them the wrong idea about slavery and the terminology of the time. First of all, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is extremely inappropriate for children because it may put bad ideas into a young impressionable mind. At the young age of about twelve, Huck is roaming around the woods all by himself and later on is flo ating aimlessly down the Mississippi River with a bunch of criminals. Huck is living what may appear to the children to be a very exciting and glamorous life. Most parents would never steer their children the wrong way in life, don't want to tell childr en about a kid around their age or little older than they are that is homeless and basically cheating and stealing to survive. This novel explains in depth about various scams such as the Wilks brothers scam, and the teaching schools like the dancing sch ool or "yellow cution". In addition to the royal nonesuch plays which teach children that all you need to do is take the money and run like the King and the Duke did. After reading this novel the majority of children won't go out and try to scam their n eighbors. However, it may seem like an appealing lifestyle for them. It may also give them the impression that being a con man for a living, or being homeless and wandering is a wonderful and glorious carefree lifestyle, and because your Mommy or Daddy tells it to you, it must not be the wrong thing to do. In addition to giving the wrong idea about life, it is a brutal and vulgar book that children should not be exposed to. There are a couple of deaths like when Colonel Sherburn kills a harmless town drunk named Boggs. Earlier on Huck is staying with a the Grangerford family that is in the middle of a feud with the Shepherdson family.

Why Was Vindolanda Built?

Vindolanda Vindolanda was one of a series of Roman forts built in northern England (Northumberland) in the last quarter of the 1st Century AD. It became an auxiliary fort which also had a substantial element of civilian accommodation. The forts stretched from east to west, and are considered to have been a consolidation of the frontier of the Roman Empire. The Romans invaded southern Britain in AD43, and slowly moved north. At one point, they had hoped to conquer all of Britain, but never succeeded. Roman armies had advanced far into Scotland in the 70s AD.But either by choice or necessity, they abandoned these gains and formed a frontier stretching roughly from modern Newcastle in the east to modern Carlisle in the west. The forts, together with the east-west road now known as the Stanegate connecting them, formed this frontier for 40 years. Then Hadrian's Wall was built just to the north, and the Stanegate forts either went out of use or changed their purpose. Vindolanda remained i n use, though the ultimate purpose of its garrison (whether support for the Wall forts or protection in an unruly hinterland) isn't fully understood.Vindolanda is permanently under investigation by archaeologists and it is estimated that there is sufficient work, for them for the next 150 years to complete the sites excavation. This Roman Auxiliary Fort guarded the Stanegate Road, which ran from the River Tyne, this would also have made it important in providing supplies to wall forts, maintaining a safe supply chain, as well as reinforcements either way if needed. Other smaller forts and matching camps would have been every days march, about 13 miles along the road. Roman soldiers needed to march from one part of the country to another quickly.So the Romans built roads. Roman roads were made from stones, and were better than muddy tracks for travel on foot or in carts. So they made travelling around Britain easier for everyone. You can still see the remains of some Roman roads toda y. All the roads they built were remarkably straight. The Romans knew that the shortest distance from one place to another is a straight line, but their roads did zigzag sometimes, to make going uphill easier. The road sloped from the middle to ditches either side, so rain water drained off.Romans made these roads were wide enough for two armies to go past without having to stop and to waste time. The Stanegate was the road closest to the fort Vindolanda. The Romans would always build a fort near a road, which made it easier for transport. The road was very useful; it was used for trading with the other tribes. In 54 BC Caesar had captured a hill-fort. Then, again, he went away. He did not think Britain was worth a long war, and he wanted to get back to Rome. Nearly a hundred years later, in AD 43, the Romans returned. Claudius sent an army to invade Britain. The army had four legions.This time the Romans conquered the southern half of Britain, and made it part of the Roman Empire. One of the main reasons why the Roman’s wanted to invade was the Britain’s wealth and the goods they owned and  he wanted to make Britain part of Rome's  empire. The Picts and Brigantes are two of the oldest pre-roman inhabitants of Great Britain. Both inhabited and battled the Romans and each other for the lands of Northern England and Scotland. The picts were really rich and Romans wanted to take an advantage and take over. They invaded the south of Britain and they used the picts to trade with the Brigantes.The picts were the people from Caledonia (modern day Scotland). Some picts made friends with the Romans in return for keeping their land. The picts agreed to obey the Roman laws, pat the Roman taxes and to behave. The tribe agreed to give their land to the Romans unlike the Brigantes. Another tribe apart from the picts were the Brigantes which were a divided group from the Northern England. Most of these would not like each other due to any reason and had hat red against the Romans. The Brigantes fought, and eventually the Romans fell back to the more defensible Hadrian's Wall.When the Roman Emperor Hadrian visited Britain in 122 AD he recognised the difficulties in establishing control in Caledonia and saw that it would be impossible to introduce the Picts to the Roman way of life. The Emperor therefore ordered the construction of a great defensive wall which would mark the northern limits of his empire and consolidate the hold on those parts of Britain already subdued. Hadrian's empire would not include Caledonia. The Romans also had to defend Hadrian's Wall, against attacks by Picts and other tribes these people lived in northern Britain, outside the Roman part.Soldiers sent to defend the wall lived in forts and camps. Vindolanda was a very well planned fort that was constructed on a flat hill at Northumberland at approximately 122AD. The fort itself was a playing-card shape which allowed the soldiers to see round the corner. The main site is on the top of a hill with much able to be viewed, plus a full size reproduction of a section of wall. It was one of the most important forts in Northern England, because it was continuously getting repaired and rebuilt. Vindolanda was built first in timber and earth; it was later built in stone.Archaeologists believe that there are the remains of ten forts in all. Buildings found so far include the fort walls, bath houses, granaries, officers, accommodation, barracks, a temple, and civilian housing, all served by paved roads. The fort had a hypocaust system visible under the stone floor to allow flow of air to keep food or metal items dry, preventing rotting or rust. The fort has four gateways north, east, south, west. The main part of the fort was the head quarters building which was always located at the centre of the fort.The building would always contain a well, and a strong room which would contain the valuables of the Roman soldiers. This was very important to a soldi er and if they lost anything this meant that they’d lost their ago. The headquarters would also contain the weapons and equipment they would need. The mansio was an accommodation place for travellers from other armies, tribes and also for traders. The bathhouses were always outside the forts because they were a fire risk and it also made it easier for the civilians to use the bath as well as the soldiers.Another reason of the construction of Vindolanda was the geographical location, it was based on a flat hill which makes it very hard to attack and very easy to defend, because it is on a steep hill which makes the Romans see very easily over miles. The Romans used a very basic way to communicate during battles. They used a flag system which based a soldier miles away on a mountain and used green for safety and red for attack. This was very useful; the Romans were pre-warned if they were being attacked.The remains of a large roman bath house are south of the fort, and next to the fort is the remains of a civilian settlement (or vicus). A civilian settlement was next to the fort and these continued to be in use until the end of the Roman period around 410AD. The settlement was used for retired soldiers; local traders, smiths, tavern keepers, etc. liked both the protection and trade a fort could offer. Much of the civilian settlement has still not been uncovered, but its existence is apparent due to the unevenness and irregularity of the bumps and ridges in the ground.There was also the Tyne River by the fort which supplied the soldiers in the fort with clean water to use. They would throw the sewage out into the river. Vindolanda was one of the many forts in England, and it is the most common for wooden tablets discoveries. The tablets provide the best insight into life in the Roman army found anywhere in the world. There is a list of how many troops were present, the commanding officer’s cook’s diary, listing who he had to dinner and what t hey ate, and even a birthday greeting, with the commanders wife inviting the wife of another commander to her birthday party.

Biography of Joseph Louis Lagrange, Mathematician

Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Born in Italy, he made his home in France before, during, and after the French Revolution. His most important contributions to modern mathematics related to number theory and celestial mechanics, and analytic mechanics; his 1788 book Analytic Mechanics is the foundation for all later work in the field. Fast Facts: Joseph-Louis Lagrange Known For: Major contributions to mathematicsAlso Known As: Giuseppe Lodovico LagrangiaBorn: January 25, 1736 in Turin,  Piedmont-Sardinia (present-day Italy)Parents: Giuseppe Francesco Lodovico Lagrangia, Maria Teresa GrossoDied: April 10, 1813 in Paris,  FranceEducation: University of TurinPublished Works:  Letter to Giulio Carlo da Fagnano, Analytical Mechanics, Miscellany of Philosophy and Mathematics, Mà ©langes de Philosophie et de Mathà ©matique, Essai sur le Problà ¨me des Trois CorpsAwards and Honors:  Member of the Berlin Academy, Fellow of the  Royal Society of Edinburgh, foreign member of the  Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Grand Officer of Napoleons  Legion of Honour  and a  Count of the Empire, Grand Croix of the  Ordre Impà ©rial de la Rà ©union, 1764 prize of the  French Academy of Sciences  for his memoir on the  libration  of the Moon, commemorated on a plaque in the  Eiffel Tower, namesake for the  lunar crater  LagrangeSp ouse(s): Vittoria Conti, Renà ©e-Franà §oise-Adà ©laà ¯de Le MonnierNotable Quote: I will deduce the complete mechanics of solid and fluid bodies using the principle of least action. Early Life Joseph Louis Lagrange was born in Turin, the capital of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, to a well-to-do family on January 25, 1736. His father was treasurer of the Office of Public Works and Fortifications in Turin, but he lost his fortune as a result of bad investments. Young Joseph was intended to be a lawyer and attended the University of Turin with that goal; it wasnt until the age of 17 that he became interested in mathematics. His interest was piqued by a paper he came across by the astronomer Edmond Halley, and, entirely on his own, Lagrange dove into mathematics. In just a year, his course of self-study was so successful that he was appointed to be an assistant professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy. There, he taught courses in calculus and mechanics until it became clear that he was a poor educator (though a highly talented theorist). At the age of 19, Lagrange wrote to Leonhard Euler, the worlds greatest mathematician, describing his new ideas for calculus. Euler was so impressed that he recommended Lagrange for membership in the Berlin Academy at the extraordinarily young age of 20. Euler and Lagrange continued their correspondence and, as a result, the two collaborated on developing the calculus of variations. Before leaving Turin, Lagrange and friends founded the Turin Private Society, an organization intended to support pure research. The Society soon began publishing its own journal and, in 1783, it became the Turin Royal Academy of Sciences. During his time at the Society, Lagrange began applying his new ideas to several areas of mathematics: The theory of sound propagation.The theory and notation of the calculus of variations, solutions to dynamics problems, and deduction of the principle of least action.Solutions to dynamics problems such as the motion of three bodies mutually attracted by gravity. Work in Berlin Leaving Turin in 1766, Lagrange went to Berlin to fill a position recently vacated by Euler. The invitation came from Frederick the Great, who believed Lagrange to be the greatest mathematician in Europe. Lagrange spent 20 years living and working in Berlin. Though his health was sometimes precarious, he was extremely prolific. During this time he developed new theories about the three-body problem in astronomy, differential equations, probability, mechanics, and the stability of the solar system. His groundbreaking 1770 publication, Reflections on the Algebraic Resolution of Equations† launched a new branch of algebra. Work in Paris When his wife passed away and his patron Frederick the Great died, Lagrange accepted an invitation to Paris extended by Louis XVI. The invitation included luxurious rooms at the Louvre as well as every type of financial and professional support. Depressed because of his wifes death, he soon found himself married again to a much younger woman who found the gentle mathematician fascinating. While in Paris, LaGrange published Analytical Mechanics, an astonishing treatise and a still-classic mathematics text, which synthesized 100 years of research in mechanics since Newton, and led to the Lagrangian equations, which detailed and defined the differences between kinetic and potential energies. Lagrange was in Paris when the French Revolution began in 1789. Four years later, he became the head of the revolutionary weights and measures commission and helped establish the metric system. While Lagrange continued as a successful mathematician, the chemist Lavoisier (who had worked on the same commission) was guillotined. As the revolution came to a close, Lagrange became a professor of mathematics at the École Centrale des Travaux Publics (later renamed the  Ãƒâ€°cole Polytechnique), where he continued his theoretical work on calculus. When Napoleon came into power, he, too honored Lagrange. Before his death, the mathematician became a senator and count of the empire. Contributions Most Significant Contributions and Publications Lagranges most important publication was The Mà ©canique Analytique, his monumental work in pure math.His most prominent influence was his contribution to the metric system and his addition of a decimal base, which is in place largely due to his plan. Some refer to Lagrange as the founder of the Metric System.Lagrange is also known for doing a great deal of work on planetary motion. He was responsible for developing the groundwork for an alternate method of writing Newtons Equations of Motion, referred to as Lagrangian Mechanics. In 1772, he described the Lagrangian points, the points in the plane of two objects in orbit around their common center of gravity at which the combined gravitational forces are zero and where a third particle of negligible mass can remain at rest. This is why Lagrange is referred to as an astronomer/mathematician.The Lagrangian Polynomial is the easiest way to find a curve through points. Death Lagrange died in Paris in 1813 during the process of revising Analytical Mechanics. He was buried in the Panthà ©on in Paris.   Legacy Lagrange left behind an incredible array of mathematical tools, discoveries, and ideas which have had a profound impact on modern theoretical and applied calculus, algebra, mechanics, physics, and astronomy. Sources . Joseph Louis Lagrange | A Short Account of the History of MathematicsUniversity of South Florida.Joseph-Louis Lagrange. Famous Scientists.Joseph-Louis Lagrange. Stetson.edu.Struik, Dirk Jan. â€Å"Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Comte De LEmpire.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Apr. 2019.